扒车喵如果说印度是科技强国，这话说出去都没人肯信，但是如果说印度是计算机IT技术强国，那么世界上的IT精英都会毫不犹豫伸出大拇指。印度的IT产业规模是很庞大，但通讯基础设施的滞后，以及高级IT人才普遍留在美国，让印度陷入了发展瓶颈。在美版知乎Quora上，印度网友提问道：印度的IT产业本远超中国，为什么后来远远落后？这个问题受到各国IT专家和网友的热议，他们专门撰文回答了这个问题。
IT企业家Diwakar•Mishra的回答
I have dealt with many large Indian IT companies, such as Wipro, occessant, Infosys, TCS, etc., and often cooperated with Indian overseas and on-site project teams and contractors. I also have close contacts with many Chinese IT professionals. When my friends at Amazon went to China to recruit and train it professionals, we had an in-depth discussion on this topic.
我曾与许多大型印度IT公司打过交道，如WIPRO、Occessant、Infosys、Tcs等，还常与印度海外、现场的项目团队以及承包商合作。我还与许多中国IT专业有着密切的往来，我在亚马逊的朋友去中国招聘和培训IT专业人士时，我们就这个话题进行了深入讨论。
First, China’s it revenue is mainly transformed through manufacturing, marketing and sales. China is the manufacturing center of the world. Computer parts, tablets, mobile phones and other IT hardware are mainly produced by Chinese manufacturers, and this revenue accounts for a large proportion of the whole world.
首先，中国的IT收入主要通过制造、营销和销售进行转化。中国是世界的制造中心，电脑零件、平板电脑、手机等IT硬件主要由中国厂商生产，而这一营收就占整个世界的很大比例。
Second, China has made greater progress than India in helping people get rid of poverty, so more Chinese consumers can afford so many electronic products.
第二，中国在帮助人们摆脱贫困方面取得了比印度更大的进步，因此中国有更多的消费者消费得起这么多的电子产品。
Third, the Chinese government pays more attention to the construction of telecommunications, power grid and other infrastructure than the Indian government. Therefore, more Chinese people surf the Internet and consume online. Online sales in China are regarded as it revenue, all of which will be included, while in store sales and marketing revenue are not.
第三，中国政府比印度政府更重视电信、电网等基础设施建设，因此有更多的中国人上网并在网上消费，在线销售在中国被视为是IT收入，所有这些收入都会算入其中，而店内销售和营销收入则不是。
Therefore, who is more advanced in this area cannot be measured by this. If you have completed the same it projects in China and India, you will know that setting up a website in India is much cheaper than in China, because India’s IT professional infrastructure and training are stronger. In the professional field, Chinese people have an advantage over India, that is, they are better at understanding and solving problems. Similar to front-end customer service, they have perfect methods to collect needs. The reason for this gap may be cultural differences.
因此，对于谁在这方面更先进，并不能凭此进行衡量。如果你在中国和印度完成过同样的IT项目，你就会知道在印度建立网站要比在中国便宜得多，因为印度的it专业基础设施和培训更强大。在专业领域，中国人相对于印度有一个优势，那就是更擅长理解并解决问题，类似于前端客户服务，他们有完善的收集需求的方法，造成这种差距的原因可能是文化差异。
We found that if you give the job to an Indian, many times they will work silently, and then come back to show a product that is not what we want, and then they will constantly modify it until it is done well.
我们发现，如果你把工作交给一个印度人，很多时候，他们会去默默地做工作，然后回来展示出一个不是我们想要的产品，然后他们会不断地修改，直到把它做好。
If you give the same job to a Chinese, he / she will ask you a lot of questions before work and come back with what we want, but the Chinese take longer and its design is sometimes very bad. If they don’t rewrite the program, every change will be very different from our original intention.
如果你把同样的工作交给一个中国人，他/她会在工作前问你很多问题，然后带着我们想要的东西回来，但中国人花费的时间更长，而且它的设计有时非常糟糕，如果他们不重写程序，那每一次更改都会与我们的初衷大相径庭。
In short, China’s consumer it is more advanced, that is, more people adopt, utilize and create consumer technology; India is more advanced in professional it, with training centers and talent centers to maintain knowledge progress within the company.
简而言之，中国的消费IT更先进，即更多的人采用、利用和创造消费技术；印度在专业IT方面更为先进，拥有培训中心和在公司内部保持知识进步的人才中心。
印度网友Bhargav•Devani的回答
India and China are at different levels of development. India’s IT industry is based on outsourcing, and its development is also driven by outsourcing. India does not have a large enough market for software or Internet products.
印度和中国处于不同的发展水平。印度的IT行业以外包为基础，发展也是靠外包驱动的，印度国内也没有足够大的软件或互联网产品市场。
China’s software industry is not as developed as India, because the profit of producing software in China is not high, and English is not widely used and popularized in China.
中国的软件产业并不像印度那样发达，因为在中国生产软件的利润不高，而且英语在中国没有得到广泛应用和普及。
However, China does have a booming Internet industry. Giants like today’s headlines, Baidu, Tencent, Alibaba, 360, Sohu, Netease, Sina, Renren and Youku Tudou are invisible in India. China also has hundreds of smaller Internet companies focusing on niche markets with millions of users, such as Douban, YY, B station and Momo.
然而，中国确实有一个蓬勃发展的互联网产业。像今日头条、百度、腾讯、阿里巴巴、360、搜狐、网易、新浪、人人网和优酷土豆这样的巨头在印度是看不到的。中国还有数百家规模较小的互联网公司专注于拥有数百万用户的利基市场，如豆瓣、YY、B站和陌陌。
The reason why Chinese Internet companies can flourish is that most Chinese people are much better off economically than Indians. They can afford smartphones and computers, as well as many other things needed for extensive Internet innovation.
中国互联网企业之所以能够蓬勃发展，是因为大多数中国人的经济境况比印度人好得多，他们可以买得起智能手机和电脑，以及广泛开展互联网创新所需的许多其他东西。
As for hardware, since China is the world’s factory, almost all mobile phone and computer manufacturers have established factory bases in China. Naturally, China does better than India.
至于硬件，由于中国是世界工厂，几乎所有手机和电脑制造商都在中国建立了工厂基地，很自然，中国比印度做得更好。
Another important fact is that the Chinese government’s policy tends to protect domestic enterprises and reject foreign enterprises. Chinese mainland IT is not accessible to IT giants such as Facebook, twitter and Youtube. They use Baidu search knowledge instead of Google, and renren.com and WeChat share daily rather than Facebook, using micro-blog to understand public events instead of twitter. As a result, Chinese companies are protected by the government and can operate in a huge population market and make profits.
另一个重要事实是，中国政府的政策倾向于保护本国企业，拒绝外国企业。facebook、twitter和youtube等IT巨头在中国大陆是无法访问的，他们使用百度搜索知识而不是谷歌，使用人人网和微信分享日常而不是facebook，使用微博了解公共事件而不是twitter，如此种种。其结果是，中国公司受到了政府的保护，可以在庞大的人口市场中经营然后盈利。
To catch up with China, India first needs to create a domestic market for software and Internet products. With a large population and a large population with high income levels, Internet companies can easily succeed in the domestic market.
为了赶上中国，印度首先需要为软件和互联网产品创造一个国内市场。印度人口众多，拥有众多收入水平较高的人口，互联网公司可以很容易在国内市场取得成功。
As for the hardware industry, the Indian government needs to take measures to build better infrastructure and mature industrial clusters to attract global brands. I noticed that China’s Xiaomi announced that it would build a factory in India, and Foxconn foxcon would employ tens of thousands of Indian workers. If all the promises of “made in India” mentioned by the Indian government can be realized, India’s hardware industry will catch up with China in less than 10 years.
班加罗尔软件市场
至于硬件产业，印度政府需要采取措施，建设更好的基础设施和成熟的产业集群，以吸引全球品牌。我注意到中国的小米宣布将在印度建厂，富士康Foxcon将雇佣数万名印度工人。如果目前印度政府口中所有的“印度制造”承诺都能实现，印度的硬件产业将在不到10年的时间里赶上中国。
美国专家理查德•博纳的回答
The fundamental reason is that China has better infrastructure, so the answer to your question is:
根本原因是中国有更好的基础设施，所以，你的问题的答案是：
• we are in a good position in software, so what we need to do is to encourage hardware manufacturing.
•我们在软件方面处于良好地位，所以，我们要做的就是鼓励硬件制造业。
• for hardware production in India, we need to change some policies. As we all know, it is difficult to do business in India. Therefore, if the Indian bureaucracy carries out some reforms conducive to the business environment and reduces approval and corruption, a lot of domestic and foreign capital will flow into the formation of production companies.
•对于印度的硬件生产，我们需要改变一些政策，众所周知，在印度做生意很难。所以，如果印度官僚系统进行一些有利于营商环境的改革，减少审批和腐败，那么许多国内外的资本就会流入组建生产公司。
• in India, more and more people use smart phones or the Internet every day, and the number of Internet users increases by 30% every year. Therefore, there are great opportunities in the domestic market. So far, most of our software products are exported, but now, the domestic demand will be higher.
•在印度，每天都有越来越多的人使用智能手机或互联网，互联网用户每年增长30%，因此，国内市场机会巨大。到目前为止，我们大部分的软件产品都是出口的，但是现在，国内的需求会更高。
Therefore, we must seize this opportunity to stabilize domestic demand and make progress in developing software according to domestic demand. 55% of India’s population is engaged in agricultural production. Therefore, a good application related to this field may make the application comparable to international giants.
因此，我们必须抓住这个机会，稳定国内需求，并在根据国内需求在开发软件方面取得进展。印度55%的人口从事农业生产，因此，一款与该领域相关的好应用可能会让该应用发展成与国际巨头比肩的规模。
• if the goals of digital India, technology India and made in India are achieved, it will bring great benefits to the domestic IT industry.
•如果数字印度、技术印度和印度制造的目标得以实现，将会给国内IT产业带来巨大的好处。
• the government should encourage people to use more Internet-based services, so as to save time and paper. Therefore, network security and knowledge information dissemination should be the main concerns.
•政府应鼓励人们使用更多基于互联网的服务，从而节省时间和纸张，因此，网络的安全性和知识信息传播应该是主要关注点。
• we can see that the government and other relevant institutions have also begun to carry out activities online, and they have done a good job in this regard. For example, public satisfaction survey, online filling in examination forms, banking business handling, etc. Therefore, this trend will continue in the future and will attract more people because of its convenience.
•我们可以看到，政府和其他相关机构，他们也开始在网上开展活动，他们在这方面做得很好。例如，公众满意度调查、在线填写考试表格、银行业务办理等，因此，这一趋势在未来将继续下去，并将因其便捷性吸引更多的人。
China’s success in information technology is not based on one factor, but on the interaction of countless advantages – a pro business government that clears the obstacles for domestic enterprises, huge investment in logistics infrastructure, the government’s adherence to long-term planning, government policies to support commercial / economic development, huge credit of commercial banks, reliable power supply around the clock, National Internet and mobile phone services, China’s urbanization Active capital investment, the rising size of the middle class and the more than ten fold increase in manufacturing wages in 20 years have all played an important role.
中国在信息技术方面的成功不是基于一个因素，而是基于无数个优势的相互作用——一个为国内企业扫清障碍的亲商政府、对物流基础设施的巨大投资、政府坚持长期规划，政府政策支持商业/经济发展，商业银行的巨额信贷、全天候可靠供电、全国互联网和移动电话服务、中国的城市化、积极的资本投入、不断上升的中产阶级规模、制造业工资在20年中增长了十多倍等等都在其中扮演了重要的作用。
These conditions constitute today’s booming environment of China’s economy, and then gave birth to many prosperous industries, among which the IT industry is only one.
这些条件组成了当今中国经济蓬勃的大环境，然后又催生出了许多繁荣发展的产业，IT产业只是其中之一。
For example, how can India catch up with China in the weapons industry? India has always imported weapons from the United States and Russia, with a very low domestic production rate, while most of China has developed them by itself, so India needs to carry out all-round profound transformation from society to government.
就好比印度如何在武器工业上赶上中国呢？印度一直从美俄两国进口武器，国产率极低，而中国大部分是自己开发的，所以印度需要从社会到政府进行全方位的深刻改造。
India needs to focus on its strengths and maximize them in order to achieve the best results.
印度需要专注于自身的优势，并最大限度地发挥这些优势，以获得最佳结果。
