扒车喵华人和中国的企业在越南遍地开花，影响着越南人生活的方方面面，越南网友在海外问答网站Quora上提问道：越南的华人正在主导和控制越南的经济吗？这个问题引起各国网友的热议，我们看看各国网友是怎样看待这个现象的。
问题：越南华人在控制和主导越南的经济吗？
越南网友洪彭的回答
In the early days, Chinese enterprises had great influence in Vietnam. I can list several famous Vietnamese companies. If we trace their roots, we can see that their founders or largest shareholders are Chinese or Chinese, such as Biti, Jindao, Minglong porcelain, duy t ê n plastic, etc.
早期，中国人的企业在越南拥有巨大影响力。我可以列举几家著名的越南公司，如果追溯他们的根源，可以看到他们的创始人或最大的持股股东都是华裔或中国人，比如比提、金道、明龙瓷器、Duy tên塑料等等。
These companies are very familiar to Vietnamese over the age of 30, because in the 1990s, we didn’t have so many consumer choices. Their business lines focus on consumer goods, such as shoes, food, flat products, daily necessities, porcelain, etc.
这些公司对30岁以上的越南人来说非常熟悉，因为在90年代，我们没有那么多消费选择，他们的业务线专注于消费品，如鞋、食品、平板产品、日用品、瓷器等。
With the growth of age, these enterprises gradually blurred in my memory. Most of them were established in the 1970s and 1980s. Except for ị NH pH á t who invested in real estate and sacombank who engaged in banking, most of them have gradually declined.
随着年龄的增长，这些企业在我的记忆里渐渐模糊，他们大多数成立于上个世纪七八十年代，除了投资房地产的ịnh Phát和从事银行业的Sacombank，多数已经渐渐式微。
In general, Chinese enterprises are declining in Vietnam because their business model is outdated and they are too slow to adapt to new needs (Kinh do was recently sold and sacombank’s recent scandal with its senior managers).
总的来说，华人企业在越南正在逐渐衰落，因为它们的运营模式已经过时，而适应新需求的速度又太慢（Kinh Do最近被出售，Sacombank最近高层管理人员的丑闻频频被曝光）。
Those engaged in consumer business are still doing well, but their existence is only at the middle level and it is difficult to dominate Vietnam’s economy.
那些从事消费者业务的企业如今仍然表现不错，但它们的存在只是处于中流水平，难以在越南经济中占据主导地位。
According to public statistics, one tenth of the richest people in Vietnam are ethnic Chinese. Coupled with foreign-funded enterprises from China, their contribution rate to Vietnam’s economy is no more than 15%. However, considering that there are only about 1 million ethnic Chinese in Vietnam, this data is still surprising, which means that their efficiency is nearly ten times higher than that of Vietnamese, There are probably the following reasons:
根据公开统计数据，在越南最富有的人中，有十分之一是华裔，再加上来自中国的外资企业，他们在越南经济中的贡献率最多不超过15%，但考虑到越南只有大约100万华人，这个数据仍然令人惊讶，这意味着他们的效率要高出越南人近十倍，究其根本，大概有以下原因：
1. The Chinese in Vietnam mainly live in Saigon. Saigon is the commercial and economic center of Vietnam. There are more business opportunities here, while Vietnam’s urbanization is only 35%, 90 million Vietnamese are scattered all over the country, and a large number of poor people and unemployed people have a problem of satiety.
1. 在越南的中国人主要居住在西贡，西贡是越南的商业和经济中心，在这里有更多的商业机会，而越南的城镇化仅有35%，9000万越南人分散在全国各地，更有大量的贫困人有和失业人口饱腹都成问题。
2. Chinese in Vietnam have always maintained extensive contacts with Chinese communities in other Asian countries, which helped them a lot after the Vietnam War and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, which also explains why their business focuses on consumer goods, such as porcelain, plastic products, pens, etc.
2.在越华人一直与其他亚洲国家的华人社区保持着广泛的联系，这在越南战争结束和苏联解体后对他们帮助很大，这也解释了为什么他们的业务专注于消费品，如瓷器、塑料制品、钢笔等。
In recent years, affected by many factors such as the transfer of China’s manufacturing industry, Vietnam’s economy began to take off. The new economy represented by state-owned enterprises, start-ups, foreign capital, service industry and tourism has greatly promoted Vietnam’s economic and social development.
近年来，受中国制造业转移等多方因素影响，越南经济开始腾飞，由国有企业、初创企业、外资、服务业、旅游业代表新经济大大推动了越南的经济社会发展。
Thanks to the stable social environment and policy system, everyone in Vietnam has the same opportunity to establish their own enterprises and succeed, and the same is true for Chinese in Vietnam.
得益于稳定的社会环境和政策制度，越南每个人都有同样的机会建立自己的企业并获得成功，在越华人同样如此。
During my 12 years of basic education, I studied with Chinese Vietnamese students several times. Their performance was different, some of them studied well and some of them were very poor.
在我12年的基础教育期间，我曾数次与华裔越南同学同堂学习，他们的成绩表现不一，有学习好的，也有极差的。
The only difference is that the girl sitting next to me in the class can speak an additional language and doesn’t have to take an English language course (it’s super cool because most Vietnamese don’t even speak English, although English has been a compulsory course since grade 4). In short, they are not prominent in Vietnamese society, both intellectually and physically.
唯一不同的是，班上坐在我旁边的女孩可以多说一门国外的语言，而且不必参加英文语言课程（这超级酷，因为大多数越南人甚至不会说英语，尽管从四年级起就把英语作为必修课）。总之，他们在越南社会中并不突出，无论是智力上还是外表上。
In fact, there is no situation that “Vietnamese Chinese control most of Vietnam’s economy”. Of course, if you restate your question as whether China plays an important role in shaping Vietnam’s economy, then this is a completely different question, and the answer may be more likely to be “indeed”.
实际上并不存在“越南华人控制着越南大部分经济”的情况。当然，如果你将你的问题重新表述为中国是否在塑造越南经济方面发挥着重要作用，那么这是一个完全不同的问题，答案可能更可能是“确实如此”。
越南网友阮庭红的回答
My answer is No. However, since ancient times, the Chinese have really grasped the importance of river / coastal trade hubs, not only Vietnam, but also scattered in the active network of wider Indonesian islands, rivers, coastal and large island chains in mainland Asia.
我的答案是否定的。然而，自古以来，中国人就真正掌握了河流/沿海贸易枢纽的重要性，不止越南，这些枢纽还分散在更广泛的印度尼西亚群岛、亚洲大陆河流、沿海和大型岛屿链的活跃网络中。
The operation of Chinese port trade has continued to modern times, most notably the “big market” in Sai Kung District 5. Since modern times, Vietnamese Chinese have established a global trade network with Chinese and trading partners all over the world.
华人对港口贸易的经营一直延续到现代，最显著的是西贡第五区的“大市场”。近代以来，越南华裔与遍布世界的华人和贸易伙伴建立了覆盖全球的贸易网络。
However, in the past century, although Chinese entrepreneurs have achieved great success in Vietnam, they have led to unfortunate and frequent cleaning.
然而，在过去的百年里，中国企业家在越南虽然取得了相当了不起的成功，却导致了不幸而频繁地清洗。
The most important stage was that after the Communist Party of Vietnam took over the south, the Chinese and their capitalist property suffered huge losses in retaliatory attacks.
其中最主要的阶段是在越南共产党接管南方后，中国人和他们资本主义性质的财产在报复性袭击中遭受了巨大的损失。
There was a time when there was a high level of opposition to Chinese business in Vietnam, although they found that most industries were beyond the reach of Vietnamese in terms of technology or operational ability. Nevertheless, there is no sign that local Chinese monopolize Vietnam’s economy.
曾有一段时间，在越南反对华人商业的情绪很高，尽管他们发现大多数行业是越南人在技术或运作能力方面所难以企及的。尽管如此，并没有迹象表明当地华人垄断了越南的经济。
网友杜勒明的回答
Although I am not a Vietnamese citizen, I believe this is true because I once lived in Vietnam and had a deep understanding of the prevailing social mood and political atmosphere at that time.
虽然我不是越南公民，但我相信这是真的，因为我曾在越南生活过，对当时普遍的社会情绪和政治风气有着深刻了解。
Although the Chinese are discriminated against and restricted by the ruling power of the authorities in Vietnam, they will work hard wherever and in any position. They will always think about the future of themselves and their families. They often save wealth, invest wisely and ensure stable investment returns.
中国人在越南尽管受到当局统治权力的歧视和限制，但无论在哪里，在什么岗位上，他们都会努力工作，他们总会为自己和家人的未来着想，往往会储蓄财富，明智的投资，确保稳健的投资收益。
Vietnam is so close to its Chinese neighbors that China’s long-term rule over Vietnam in history has left an indelible psychological shadow on the Vietnamese, and some stubborn Vietnamese thugs can hardly believe that China helped the country defeat the French and American invaders.
越南与其中国邻国如此接近，历史上中国对越南长期的统治给越南人留下了难以磨灭的心理阴影，而且某些顽固的越南暴徒也很难相信中国曾帮助该国打败了法国和美国侵略者。
In the last century, the Chinese people tightened their belts to assist Vietnam, with a total amount of more than 20 billion US dollars. After the Vietnam War, tens of thousands of Chinese volunteers helped with logistics and reconstruction.
上个世纪，中国人民勒紧裤腰带援助越南，总量高达200多亿美元，在越南战争结束后，数以万计的中国志愿者帮助后勤和重建工作。
Yes, I want to say that China and Chinese entrepreneurs control most of the economy, because before and after the American invasion of Vietnam, China helped Vietnam build a lot of infrastructure.
是的，我想说中国和中国企业家控制了大部分经济，因为在美国入侵越南战争前后，中国帮助越南建设了许多基础设施。
As the writer Ken Fujita said, the property of many Cantonese who came to Vietnam was confiscated by the Communist Party of Vietnam after the war, and they were deported after their property was confiscated.
正如作家Ken Fujita所说，许多来越广东人的财产在战后被越南共产党没收，他们在财产被没收后被驱逐出境。
Is this the gratitude of this country to China for its help? You know, at that time, only China and the Soviet Union provided assistance to Vietnam.
这就是这个国家对中国所提供的帮助的感激之情？要知道，当时为越南提供援助的仅有中苏两国。
There is no other reason. The border friction between the two countries in 1979 is the main reason.
原因无他， 1979年两国边界摩擦是主因。
Chinese enterprises were ransacked many times later. Most of these Vietnamese thugs were unemployed and idle. They robbed money and hurt people under the incitement of hating the Chinese people.
中资企业后来多次遭到洗劫，这些越南暴徒大多失业、游手好闲，在憎恨中国人的煽动下抢劫钱财，行凶伤人。
As the Vietnamese government has repeatedly arrested troublemakers, anyone with appropriate funds and willing to invest in Vietnam, including Chinese, is welcome.
正如越南政府多次逮捕捣乱分子所表明的那样，任何拥有适当资金，愿意来越南投资的人，包括中国人的投资都是受欢迎的。
In terms of economic development, positive political statements mean abundant funds.
就经济发展而言，积极的政治表态意味着充沛的资金。
Generally speaking, most Vietnamese and Chinese are living in harmony, and there is no hostility to each other’s exchanges and trade. A typical example is the number of intermarriages between Chinese and Vietnamese. There is no resentment or jealousy in the integrated community.
总的来说，大多数越南人与中国人正和谐地生活在一起，相互交往和贸易没有敌意。一个典型的例子是华人和越南人之间的通婚数量，在融合的社区中没有怨恨或嫉妒。
Vietnamese people must remember a truth: foreign or local investment has brought employment and wealth to Vietnam, and the climate of exclusion caused by riots and chaos will scare away any potential investors who turn their eyes to Vietnam.
越南人必须记住一个道理：外国或本地投资为越南带来了就业和财富，而暴乱和混乱所造成的排外风气将吓跑任何将目光投向越南的潜在投资者。
越南华裔网友安东尼•苏的回答
Seeing this problem, I want to tell my family story.
看到这个问题我想借此讲一下我的家族故事。
My great grandfather’s name was su Jiacai (Vietnamese: to GIA Tai). He was a Chinese herbal medicine doctor. He was born in a fishing village in Hainan. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, he traveled across the sea to Vietnam.
我的曾祖父名叫蘇嘉才（越南语：To Gia-Tai），是一位来自中国的中草药医生，他出生在海南的一个渔村，清朝灭亡后他漂洋过海来到了越南。
With his knowledge and medical skills, his career became bigger and bigger, so he gave up the idea of returning to China, married here, and my family grew stronger and stronger.
凭借着一身知识和医术，他的事业做得越来越大，他就断绝了回中国的念头，在这里开枝散叶，我的家族也越来越壮大。
Before the end of the Vietnam War, panlang city in South Vietnam was still a famous commercial activity center. There were seven well-known commercial families on the first avenue of the city, and our family was one of them.
越南战争结束前，南越的潘朗市还是著名的商业活动中心，在该市的第一大道上，有7个知名的商业家族，我们家就是其中之一。
According to my father, grandfather and six other brothers and sisters, the shop run by Su Jiacai, the founder of our family, was located in the first avenue of the city. Because he bought a house and an industry for each of his children, his children lived a very rich life. At that time, many business owners on the first avenue were Chinese.
据我父亲、祖父和其他六个兄弟姐妹说，我们家族的创始人，蘇嘉才经营的商铺就位于城市第一大道内，由于他为他的每个孩子买了房子，购置了产业，他的儿女们的日子过得都相当富足，当时第一大道上许多企业主都是华裔。
My father recalled that until the 1960s, the Vietnamese government decided to arrest all the business owners of Pan Lang, most of whom were of Chinese descent, because the government believed that the Chinese were secretly funding the Vietnamese Communist Party.
我父亲回忆说，直到1960年代，越南政府决定逮捕潘朗的所有企业主，他们大多是华裔，因为政府认为华人在秘密资助越共。
At that time, the Vietnamese Communist Party was a communist guerrilla group against the southern government. My father’s uncle and aunt were arrested, except the second uncle because his son-in-law had relations with the army, So he survived.
当时越共是一个反对南方政府的共产主义游击队团体，我父亲的叔叔和婶婶都被逮捕了，除了二舅因为他的女婿与军队有关系，所以幸免于难。
My grandfather was also arrested in this large-scale arrest, but later, my grandmother’s family had a strong military and political background, which finally forced the authorities to release all Chinese or Chinese Vietnamese in panlang city.
我的祖父也在这场大规模的逮捕活动中被抓，但后来我祖母的家人有着强大的军事和政治背景，最终迫使当局释放了潘朗市所有的华裔或在越中国人。
In fact, the Chinese have been extorted a lot of money by the authorities, and their enterprises have never recovered.
事实上，华人被当局勒索了不少钱财，他们经营的企业也从此一蹶不振。
If someone goes to panlang First Avenue today to mention the Su or Du family, people will talk about most of the industries they own on First Avenue.
如果今天有人去潘朗第一大道提及苏氏或杜氏家族，人们还会谈论起他们所拥有的第一大道的大部分产业。
Anyway, this is just my family anecdote, but we can also understand the hardships and difficulties of Chinese at that time from the background of the times. Today, the opportunities of each group in Vietnam are more equal, and the Chinese no longer occupy the dominant position in the economy as in the past.
不管怎么说，这只是本人的一点家庭轶事，但管中窥豹，我们也可以从大时代背景中了解当时华人的艰辛和不易。时至今日，越南每个群体的机会更加均等，华人已经不再像过去那样在经济上占据霸主地位。
