扒车喵对于特斯拉的角色定位，国内一直争论不休，它进入中国电动汽车市场对本土市场有着激励和示范的作用，这对本土企业有着积极促进的好处，起到了一个鲶鱼的效应。而对于与特斯拉产生正面竞争的本土纯电动汽车制造商而言，特斯拉可能更多的是扮演了鲨鱼的角色，其中国第二工厂的建设正在规划，总体而言，特斯拉与中国的合作正进一步深化。在美版知乎Quora上，美国网友提问道：马斯克常常夸赞中国，特斯拉和中国的关系为什么这么好？这引起了各国网友的围观和热议，其中一位任职SPACEX的行业专家的回答最引人关注。
问题：为什么埃隆马斯克和中国的关系这么好？
美国专家Shannon Fu的回答，他是Spacex的员工
Let me tell you a story first. The name of the story is “God, it’s too difficult to build a Tesla factory in Germany!”
我先给你讲个故事，这个故事的名字是《天呐，在德国建一家特斯拉工厂太难了！》
In 2017, Tesla Model 3 began mass production, ending Tesla’s era of crazy money burning but unprofitable.
2017年，特斯拉Model 3开始批量生产，结束了特斯拉疯狂烧钱却又无利可图的时代。
In the next two years, huge production and financial pressure has plagued Tesla.
在接下来的两年里，巨大的生产和资金压力一直困扰着特斯拉。
If it does not increase production capacity, it will not generate profits, because Tesla spent too much money on R & D in the past, so its debt interest is an astronomical figure every day. If profits can not make up for expenses, Tesla will be in a state of continuous loss.
如果不增加生产能力，就不会产生利润，因为特斯拉过去在研发方面耗费了太多资金，所以它的债务利息每天都是一个天文数字，如果利润无法弥补支出，那么特斯拉将处于持续亏损状态。
At that time, Elon Musk fell into the trough of his life. The cash flow of the company was extremely tight. He suffered a flood of slander on the Internet and lacked stable family and friend relations. He was sad about his cruel life so far, and even nearly collapsed in several interviews.
当时的埃隆•马斯克落入人生的低谷，公司的现金流极度紧张，在互联网上遭受潮水一般的诽谤，缺乏稳定的家庭亲情和朋友关系，他对自己迄今为止的残酷生活感到悲伤，甚至在数次采访时几近崩溃。
On the one hand, there is a shortage of product supply. On the other hand, Tesla’s capital chain is on the verge of collapse and may fall into a debt crisis at any time.
一方面，产品供应短缺，另一方面，特斯拉的资本链濒临崩溃，随时可能陷入债务危机。
As long as the production capacity can be increased, all the problems will be solved, but at that time, it seemed that there was no solution to this problem.
只要能增加产能，所有问题都将迎刃而解，但在当时看来此问题无解。
At this time, a miracle in human history appeared.
就在这时人类历史上的奇迹出现了。
马斯克回应网友破产危机
In 2018, musk came to China to try to use China’s speed to build a super factory to expand Tesla’s production capacity.
2018年，马斯克来到中国，试图利用中国速度建造一座超级工厂，以扩大特斯拉的产能。
In just three months, musk reached an agreement with Shanghai.
仅仅三个月，马斯克就与上海达成了协议。
Shanghai provided Tesla with a huge piece of land for the construction of a factory at a price of 10%, and provided Tesla with an 18.5 billion yuan loan, which is extremely favorable, with an annual interest rate as low as 3.9%.
上海以10%的价格向特斯拉提供了一块巨大的土地，用于建造一座工厂，同时向特斯拉提供了185亿元贷款，该项贷款极度优惠，年利率低至3.9%。
These two conditions are equivalent to direct remittance to Tesla, but Shanghai will not lose money.
这两个条件相当于向特斯拉直接汇款，但上海并不会因此赔钱。
Because musk promised in the agreement that from 2023, Tesla Shanghai gigafactory will pay no less than 2.23 billion yuan of taxes to China every year, otherwise Tesla will return the land.
因为马斯克在协议中承诺，从2023年开始，特斯拉上海Gigafactory每年将向中国缴纳不低于22.3亿元人民币的税费，否则特斯拉将返还土地。
After signing the agreement, musk was shocked by China’s speed again.
签署协议后，马斯克再一次被中国速度震惊了。
In October 2018, the agreement was officially signed.
2018年10月，该协议正式签署。
In December 2018, all land has been leveled and all construction units have entered the site.
2018年12月，所有土地均已平整，所有施工单位均已进场。
In January 2019, Tesla Shanghai plant was officially started.
2019年1月，特斯拉上海工厂正式开工。
In November 2019, Tesla Shanghai plant was completed and all equipment was installed in place.
2019年11月，特斯拉上海工厂竣工，所有设备安装到位。
After a month of trial operation, the assembly line was officially launched, and the whole factory began to run wildly.
试运行一个月后，装配线正式上线，整个工厂开始疯狂运转。
The construction period of musk plant is less than 10 months, and the construction period is only one year.
从协议签署到工厂建成，只用了一年时间，其中建设期只有10个月，远低于马斯克计划的2年建设期。
This is a miracle.
这简直是一个奇迹。
Since Tesla’s Shanghai factory sold its first car, Tesla’s profit has exceeded the interest expense, and Tesla no longer has the pressure of breaking the capital chain.
自从特斯拉上海工厂出售第一辆汽车以来，特斯拉的利润已经超过了利息支出，特斯拉不再有资金链断裂的压力。
To celebrate this historic moment, musk even danced happily in public.
为了庆祝这一历史性时刻，马斯克甚至在公共场合愉快地跳舞。
China factory is Tesla’s first super factory set up overseas, which helps musk solve a huge problem.
中国工厂是特斯拉在海外设立的第一家超级工厂，它帮助马斯克解决了一个巨大的问题。
After a person has tasted the sweetness, his first reaction is, of course, to imitate his past success.
一个人尝到甜头后，第一反应当然是模仿自己过去的成功。
Therefore, musk decided to build a second super factory overseas
因此，马斯克决定在海外建造第二家超级工厂。
This time, he chose Germany, the European automobile manufacturing center.
这一次，他选择了欧洲汽车制造中心——德国。
Then he was slapped in the face.
然后，他被狠狠地扇了一耳光。
In November 2019, when Tesla’s Shanghai plant was fully completed, musk announced that it would build a super plant in Germany.
2019年11月，特斯拉上海工厂全面完工的当月，马斯克宣布将在德国建造一座超级工厂。
The plant is located in glenhead, Brandenburg, eastern Germany, just 24 miles from Berlin.
该厂选址位于德国东部勃兰登堡的格伦黑德，距离柏林仅24英里。
Government officials in Brandenburg welcome Tesla because it will bring huge taxes and tens of thousands of jobs, and it can also bring hundreds of thousands of related jobs through the industrial chain.
勃兰登堡的政府官员非常欢迎特斯拉，因为它将为当地带来巨额税收和数万个就业机会，它还可以通过产业链带来数十万个相关工作岗位。
There were too many benefits, so they sold a 300 hectare land to Tesla.
好处太多了，所以他们把一块300公顷的土地卖给了特斯拉。
China built Tesla gigafactory in only 10 months? The Tesla team here is determined to beat the Chinese team in a few weeks! J ö RG Steinbach, Minister of economic affairs of Brandenburg, said with confidence.
“中国只用了10个月就建成了特斯拉Gigafactory？这里的特斯拉团队决心在几周内击败中国团队！”勃兰登堡州经济事务部长Jörg Steinbach满怀信心地说。
It seems that everything is moving in a better direction.
似乎一切都朝着更好的方向发展。
As a result, musk didn’t expect this to be the beginning of the nightmare.
结果，马斯克没想到这是噩梦的开始。
The land selected by Tesla is very ordinary, but it is not a wasteland, and some artificial economic forests have been planted.
特斯拉选址的土地很普通，可并不是一块荒地，还种植了一些人工经济林。
After obtaining the land, we first leveled the ground and cut down these economic forests, but we didn’t expect to get into big trouble.
取得土地后，首先平整地面，砍伐这些经济林，却没想到惹了大麻烦。
Environmentalists immediately protested and took Tesla to court, saying the trees could not be cut down.
环保人士立即站出来抗议，并将特斯拉告上法庭，称这些树木不能被砍伐掉。
Artificial economic forest is also a forest! How can Tesla just clear it? This is a serious damage to the local ecological environment!
人工经济林也是森林！特斯拉怎么能随便清除掉它？这是对当地生态环境的严重破坏！
当地组织抗议特斯拉建厂
After repeated negotiations, Tesla promised to replant more than three times the economic forest in other places, and finally solved the matter.
经过反复谈判，特斯拉承诺在其他地方重新种植三倍多的经济林，并最终解决了此事。
So is the trouble over? Of course not.
那么麻烦结束了吗？当然没有。
Environmentalists also found that Tesla gigafactory consumes about 3.6 million cubic meters of water a year, accounting for 30% of the local water supply.
环保人士还发现，特斯拉Gigafactory每年消耗约360万立方米的水，占当地供水量的30%。
Therefore, environmentalists said that the establishment of Tesla plant will seriously consume local water reserves.
因此，环保人士表示，特斯拉工厂的建立将严重消耗当地的水资源储备。
Another protest was held on January 18.
并于1月18日又举行了抗议示威。
Tesla seems to use a lot of water, but in fact, there are only 8700 residents in the area, and 12000 employees in Tesla factory alone are engaged in production. It seems that 30% of the water is not excessive, let alone production water, not domestic water.
特斯拉似乎用了很多水，但实际上该地区只有8700名居民，而仅特斯拉工厂就有12000名员工在从事生产，使用30%的水似乎并不过量，更不用说这是生产用水，不是生活用水。
On the contrary, these 8700 residents want 70% water, which I personally think is a little too much.
相反，这8700名居民想要70%的水，我个人认为这有点太多了。
But this makes no sense, because some local political parties believe that the water issue is a great opportunity to get attention and votes. They don’t care whether Tesla can build a factory smoothly.
但这毫无意义，因为一些地方政党认为水资源问题是获得关注和选票的绝佳机会，他们不在乎特斯拉是否能够顺利建厂。
Christian rechholz, chairman of the German eco Democratic Party, delivered a speech in several media, saying that he was very disappointed with the German Federal Ministry of economy and technology:
德国生态民主党（Eco Democratic Party）主席克里斯蒂安·雷克霍尔茨（Christian Rechholz）在多家媒体发表讲话，称他对德国联邦经济和技术部非常失望：
“This confirms our biggest concern. Now more land will be poured with concrete without submitting an application, and Tesla is trying to realize its interests at the expense of European taxpayers. The protection of water, people and nature is slowly disappearing like the rule of law!”
“这证实了我们最大的担忧。现在有更多的土地将在不提交申请的情况下浇筑混凝土，特斯拉正试图以牺牲欧洲纳税人的利益为代价来实现自己的利益。对水、人和自然的保护正像法治一样慢慢消失！”
“How can Peter altmer (the current German economy minister) ignore the concerns of Brandenburg citizens about drinking water and nature reserves and let this family American company” temporarily start construction “again and take its own risks? We should not forget that their electric vehicle factory has not obtained the final construction license.
“彼得·阿尔特梅尔（现任德国经济部长）怎么能做到无视勃兰登堡市民对饮用水和自然保护区的担忧，让这个家族式的美国公司再次“暂时开始建设”，并自行承担风险？我们不应该忘记，他们的电动汽车工厂还没有获得最终的建设许可证。”
“With the addition of the world’s largest battery production plant, Brandenburg and Berlin will eventually become dry lands. You can’t sacrifice our precious drinking water just for profit. This huge enthusiasm is threatening mankind and nature“
“随着世界上最大的电池生产厂的加入，布兰登堡和柏林最终将成为旱地。你不能仅仅为了利润而牺牲我们宝贵的饮用水。这种巨大的狂热正在威胁人类和自然。”
In short, some ordinary German citizens who have not even graduated from high school believe that the chairman of the German ecological Democratic Party is a good man and sincerely considers Germany’s future. He must be elected in the next vote.
总之，一些甚至还没有高中毕业的普通德国公民认为，德国生态民主党主席是一个好人，并真诚地考虑德国的未来，他必须在下次投票中当选。
As a result, the anti Tesla voice is getting louder and louder.
结果，反特斯拉的声音越来越大。
What should they do?
怎么办？
After repeated negotiations, Tesla promised to reduce water use.
经过反复谈判，特斯拉承诺减少用水。
Can I start working? Of course not.
那我能开始工作了吗？当然还是不行。
Environmentalists also claim that the forests cut down by Tesla are the habitat of bats, and January 2020 is their hibernation season. Don’t disturb them, or they will die in large numbers. After hibernation, bats will enter the mating season and then reproduce their young, so they will not be disturbed. You need to wait for baby bats to grow up, then cut down the forest and give them time to move.
环保人士还声称，特斯拉砍伐的森林是蝙蝠的栖息地，2020年1月是它们的冬眠季节。不要打扰他们，否则他们会大量死亡。冬眠结束后，蝙蝠将进入交配季节，然后繁殖幼仔，因此不会受到干扰。你需要等待蝙蝠宝宝长大，然后再砍伐森林，给他们时间迁移。
If Tesla does not respond, it will be accused of being a cold-blooded butcher.
如果特斯拉不对此进行回应，它将被指责为一个冷血的屠夫。
Therefore, Tesla urgently hired the German environmental protection agency to conduct a species survey of the whole forest area.
因此，特斯拉紧急聘请德国环境保护局对整个森林地区进行物种调查。
Later, the investigation report showed that there were only two bats in the whole forest area.
后来调查报告显示，整个林区只有两只蝙蝠。
Therefore, Tesla claims that the construction of the plant will not have any particularly serious impact.
因此，特斯拉声称工厂的建设不会造成任何特别严重的影响。
On February 13, 2020, Tesla felt that everything was ready and began logging and preparing to build a factory.
2020年2月13日，特斯拉觉得已经万事俱备，开始伐木并准备建造工厂。
Then, environmentalists found in the species survey list that there are wolves, lizards and even ants in the area, all of which must be protected. Yes, Tesla must correctly relocate the ant colony in this forest as required.
然后，环保人士在物种调查清单中发现，这个地区有狼、蜥蜴，甚至蚂蚁，所有这些都必须得到保护。是的，特斯拉必须按照要求在这片树林中正确地重新安置蚁群。
In short, environmentalists will never allow Tesla to completely clean up the forest, but after repeated negotiations and efforts, a small part of the land has been leveled first, and the rest will be left for later negotiations.
简言之，环保主义者永远不会允许特斯拉彻底清理这片森林，但经过反复谈判和努力，首先平整了一小部分土地，其余部分留待以后谈判。
In April 2020, the first small piece of land was finally leveled.
2020年4月，第一小块土地才终于被平整完成。
Tesla Germany, which claimed to surpass China, spent five months to complete the land preparation steps and only leveled part of the land. So, honey, can we start?
声称超过中国队的特斯拉德国队花了整整5个月的时间完成了整地步骤，只整平了部分土地。那么，亲爱的，我们可以开始了吗？
Of course, this is still impossible, because Tesla must wait for the construction permit.
当然，这仍然是不可能的，因为特斯拉必须等待施工许可证。
Tesla Germany team hopes to obtain the construction permit within 7 months, and they will do their best to achieve this goal.
特斯拉德国团队希望在7个月内获得施工许可证，他们将尽最大努力实现这一目标。
The reason why we have to wait so long is that the establishment of Tesla factory is a political achievement for some government officials, but it is a source of trouble for some government officials. No one wants to get into trouble because of Tesla.
我们之所以要等这么久，是因为特斯拉工厂的建立对一些政府官员来说是一项政治成就，但对一些政府官员来说却是一个麻烦的来源，没人想因为特斯拉惹麻烦。
For example, the Brandenburg Department of agriculture requires Tesla to use special materials to protect groundwater resources during construction. It took Tesla a a month and a half to obtain a construction permit on groundwater protection.
例如，勃兰登堡州农业部要求特斯拉在施工期间使用特殊材料来保护地下水资源，关于地下水保护问题，特斯拉花了一个半月才获得施工许可证。
For example, the German Ministry of environmental protection believes that the vibration of pile drivers may affect the surrounding railways during the construction of Tesla plant. Therefore, Tesla must provide a safe construction plan and submit it for review.
例如，德国环境保护部认为，在特斯拉工厂建设期间，打桩机的振动可能会影响周围的铁路。因此，特斯拉必须提供安全施工计划并提交审查。
The project took another month and various construction permits were approved. Tesla needs to meet the requirements of various government departments. In short, by November 2020, Tesla took seven months to go through the formalities, but still did not obtain all construction permits and was forced to postpone the commencement date.
这个项目又花了一个月的时间，还有各种施工许可批准，特斯拉需要满足各个政府部门的要求。简而言之，到2020年11月，特斯拉花了7个月的时间办理手续，但仍然没有获得所有施工许可证，被迫推迟开工日期。
On December 7, 2020, when the remaining construction permits have not been obtained, environmentalists once again found a hibernating snake under Tesla’s woodland.
2020年12月7日，当剩余的施工许可尚未获得时，环保人士再次在特斯拉的林地地下发现了一条冬眠的蛇。
My God, that’s great. How can I disturb master snake’s hibernation to build a broken factory? You must wait until the snake’s hibernation is over before you start working.
我的天啊，真不错。我怎样才能干扰蛇大师的冬眠来建造一座破工厂呢？你必须等到蛇的冬眠结束后才能开始工作。
On December 8, 2020, the environmental protection organization received the emergency construction ban issued by the court. As a result, Tesla’s dream of building a factory was dashed again, although as of December, the factory was still blank.
2020年12月8日，环境保护组织收到法院发出的紧急施工禁令。结果，特斯拉建造工厂的梦想再次破灭，尽管截至12月，工厂还是一片空白。
On February 21, 2021, the poisonous snake finally woke up. The captain of Tesla’s German construction team was so excited that he almost cried, so he ordered to start work as soon as possible.
2021年2月21日，毒蛇终于醒了过来。特斯拉德国施工队的队长激动得几乎要哭了，所以他命令尽快开工。
However, in April 2021, the water authority found that some water pipes of Tesla had been installed without permission and ordered Tesla to suspend the rectification work.
但是2021年4月，水务局发现特斯拉的一些水管未经许可就已经安装，并命令特斯拉暂停整改工作。
In May 2021, German regulators found that the construction license of 4680 battery production lines in Tesla factory lacked the so-called license, which can be used as power batteries, and ordered Tesla to apply for a special license.
2021年5月，德国监管机构发现，在特斯拉工厂的4680条电池生产线的建造许可证缺少所谓的许可证，该许可证可以用作动力电池，并命令特斯拉申请特殊许可证。
In June 2021, environmental protection organizations protested and suspected that Tesla could not control the toxic gas generated during construction. The Ministry of environmental protection asked Tesla to explain this and stop work for rectification.
2021年6月，环保组织抗议并怀疑特斯拉无法控制施工过程中产生的有毒气体，环境保护部要求特斯拉对此进行解释，并停工整改。
In July 2021, someone found some so-called chemical cans at the Tesla construction site. This matter was not on the application document and was not approved by the government. Therefore, the work was suspended, fined and ordered to be rectified.
2021年7月，有人在特斯拉建筑工地发现了一些所谓的化学罐头，这件事不在申请文件上，也没有得到政府的批准。因此，工作被暂停、罚款，并下令整改。
The reason why it is so easy to stop Tesla’s work is that Tesla has not obtained a complete construction permit until today, and various approvals have not been completed. Tesla Germany team has only obtained temporary construction permits for many activities.
停止特斯拉的工作之所以如此容易，是因为特斯拉直到今天才获得完整的施工许可证，而且各种批准尚未完成。特斯拉德国团队只获得了许多活动的临时施工许可证。
Therefore, any government department can stop the construction progress of Tesla gigafactory. In July this year, musk set the latest completion date for the factory. (the thickness of information is up to 11000 pages when only applying for environmental protection license.)
因此，任何政府部门都可以停止特斯拉Gigafactory的建设进度。今年7月，马斯克为工厂设定了最晚的完工日期。（仅申请环境保护许可证，信息的厚度就高达11000页。）
特斯拉员工抱怨繁冗的审批流程
Therefore, Tesla’s German plant is still seriously delayed. From November 2019 to July 2021, a total of 20 months have passed. Needless to say, Tesla has not obtained a formal construction permit from the German government!
因此，特斯拉的德国工厂仍被严重拖延。从2019年11月开始的土地征收，到2021年7月，共有20个月的时间过去了。不用说完工了，特斯拉还没有从德国政府获得正式的施工许可！
Tesla secretly participated in a small project, almost without covering the building’s shell, which was completely empty.
特斯拉鬼鬼祟祟地参与了一个小项目，几乎没有盖住建筑的外壳，里面完全是空的。
德国项目
It’s too difficult to build a Tesla factory in Germany. Compared with China’s speed and business environment, it’s very different. China has saved musk and Tesla. How can you make musk not love China?
在德国建一家特斯拉工厂实在太难了，和中国速度以及营商环境相比，简直是天差地别，中国拯救了马斯克和特斯拉，你让马斯克怎能不热爱中国？
