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海外网友热议:在韩国汉语的衰落是怎么发生的?

随着我国综合实力的提升,汉语也不断地发展,在国际影响力日趋增加,可谓国强语盛。美国问答论坛Quora上有韩国网友问到:在韩国汉语的衰落是怎么发生的,这有什么后果呢? 这问题引起了海外网友的热议和关注,来看看海外网友的回答

韩国人深思:明明汉语在国际上越来越重要,为什么在韩国没落了呢

问题:汉语在韩国的衰落是什么时候、怎么发生的、为什么发生的?这有什么后果呢?

韩国人深思:明明汉语在国际上越来越重要,为什么在韩国没落了呢

美国网友Mark Balahadia的回答

For background, I don’t speak Korean but I can read hangul (it took me less than a week to learn). However, I also learned Japanese and have a decent command of kanji and as a result, I can navigate Chinese only menus and signage pretty well (and that’s with an understanding 500 kanji, although I can only reliably write 300 of those).

作为背景,我不会说韩语,但我能读韩语(我花了不到一周的时间学会)。不过,我也学过日语,对汉语也有很好的掌握,因此,我可以很好地浏览纯中文菜单和标牌(这需要理解500个汉字,尽管我只能可靠地写出其中300个)。

Anyway, I’m a big fan of watching variety shows from South Korea and one of the shows I follow is Battle Trip on KBS. There was a recent episode where two older Korean celebrities traveled to Xiamen in Fujian province. They made a point to say that they were from a generation where hanja was more commonly used (mixed script) so they had no problem getting around even though they spoke no Mandarin or Hokkien.

不管怎样,我是韩国综艺节目的超级粉丝,我关注的节目之一是KBS上的战斗之旅。最近有一个插曲,两位年长的韩国名人前往福建省厦门。他们特别指出,他们那一代人中,汉字更常用(混合文字),所以即使他们不会说普通话或闽南语,他们也可以四处走动。

From the same show, one of the hosts was reading some poetry while in Jeju island and had to ask for help to read a particular hanja.

在同一个节目中,其中一位主持人在济州岛读古诗,不得不请人帮助阅读特定的汉字。

And yet another example from the same show, two Korean celebrities (who could both speak Mandarin) where traveling to Beijing and they were at a Peking Duck restaurant. As a tip to the audience, they said it was useful to learn some basic hanja for different dishes so they would know what to order.

同一个节目的另一个例子是,两位韩国名人(都会说普通话)去北京,他们在一家北京烤鸭店。作为对观众介绍,他们说学习不同菜肴会基本汉字很有用,这样他们就知道点什么了。

So, the biggest consequence to the decline of hanja is that many South Koreans are ill-equipped when they do encounter Chinese characters (whether it’s accessing their own historical documents, academic writings, traveling in China and/or dealing with the Chinese in interactions like trade). The Japanese in that regard, have a clear advantage in the Sinophere over the average Korean in that regard.

因此,韩语衰落的最大后果是,许多韩国人在遇到汉字时(无论是查阅自己的历史文献、学术著作、在中国旅行和/或在贸易等互动中与中国人打交道)准备不足。在这方面,日本人汉语的优势明显高于普通韩国人。

Ironically, one of the most popular foreign languages to learn after English is Mandarin…having a good knowledge of hanja could only be helpful.

具有讽刺意味的是,仅次于英语的最受欢迎的外语之一是普通话……掌握好汉语知识只会有所帮助。

As a side note, I’m a bit of a foreign language enthusiast and knowing kanji has helped me pick up a whole bunch of Korean words without even really trying.

顺便说一句,我是一位外语爱好者,对汉字的了解帮助我不费吹灰之力就学会了一大堆韩语单词。

韩国人深思:明明汉语在国际上越来越重要,为什么在韩国没落了呢

韩国网友Tenn Khong Lim的回答

Koreans have never fully abandoned Hanja. However, for largely nationalistic reasons, the exclusive use of hangul was promoted during the late 20th century. However, Hanja did not begin to fall out of common use until additional government policy changes around 1970-1980. If you look at newspaper archives from NAVER you will see that up until the beginning of the decade mixed script was still the predominant format used in newspapers. Today Hanja is taught in Korean schools and is still used for names, legal documents, academic use, medical and technical terms, and to disambiguate homophones.

韩国人从未完全放弃汉字,然而,主要是出于民族主义的原因,是在20世纪后期才提倡使用韩文。并且,汉字直到1970-1980年左右的政策改变后都还在被广泛使用。如果你看看NAVER的报纸档案,你会发现,直到本世纪初,混合文字仍然是报纸使用的主要格式。今天,韩国学校里教授汉字,汉字仍然被用于名字、法律文件、学术使用、医学和技术术语,以及消除同音异义字的歧义。

There are signs for resurgence however, as recent government action has set the course for mixed-script Korean to be reintroduced into elementary school level textbooks by 2021. Ultimately how things will turn out though only time will tell.

但是,最近政府决定在2021年之前将韩国语混合文本重新引入小学教科书,因此出现了复苏的迹象。事情最终会如何发展,只有时间才能告诉我们。

韩国人深思:明明汉语在国际上越来越重要,为什么在韩国没落了呢

韩国网友Luwiki Jerome的回答

Chinese characters as spoken never declined in Korea . Only the written method is declining, but the Chinese languages continue to be used, it’s called hanja, which is an important integral part of modern Korean

在韩国,汉字的使用从未减少,只有书写方法在减少。汉语仍在使用,它被称为北朝汉语,是现代韩语的重要组成部分

韩国人深思:明明汉语在国际上越来越重要,为什么在韩国没落了呢

匿名网友的回答

Newspapers still use hanja, especially in the headlines. I think it’s because they can convey more meaning in less space with a character or a few in hanja, where it would take a longer string of hangeul. Since I don’t read hanja, that’s based on what I’ve been told.

报纸仍然使用汉字,特别是在标题上。我认为这是因为他们可以用汉字或几个汉字来表达更多的意思,否则这需要更长的韩文字符串。因为我不懂汉字,这是别人告诉我的。

My university’s letter jackets are also written either in English or in hanja. I think both languages seem more prestigious.

我们学校的信笺也是用英文或汉字写的,我觉得这两种语言似乎都更有声望。

Some basic concepts: small, medium, large, days of the week, dates tend to still be written in hanja.

一些基本概念:小、中、大、一周中的几天、日期仍然倾向于用汉字书写。

韩国人深思:明明汉语在国际上越来越重要,为什么在韩国没落了呢

网友Zhihong Kan的回答

Because the Koreans didn’t realize that Hanja was one of their numerous ancient inventions. Until now!

因为韩国人没有意识到汉字是他们众多的古代发明之一,直到现在!(所以汉语在韩国没落了)

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文章名称:《海外网友热议:在韩国汉语的衰落是怎么发生的?》
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