欢迎光临喵站
吃瓜,学习,涨姿势

美网友:汉语这么难学为何中国不用拉丁字母或拼音字母替代汉字?

汉字作为至今仍然被十几亿人口流传使用的古老文字,它有时更像是简洁凝练的活历史。有人大胆预测在未来五十年以内,全球范围内推广普及最深的语言以及文字不是英语和拉丁字母,而是汉语和中文汉字。在美版知乎Quora上,美国网友提问道:为什么中国不用拉丁字母或拼音字母替代汉字?这引起各国网友的关注和热议,许多专家和网友专门撰文进行了科普。

美网友:汉语这么难学为何中国不用拉丁字母或拼音字母替代汉字?

问题:汉语这么难学为什么中国不用拉丁字母或拼音字母代替汉字?

美网友:汉语这么难学为何中国不用拉丁字母或拼音字母替代汉字?

新加坡网友James Tan的回答

Personally, I have been struggling with learning Chinese characters. I can understand why Europeans and Americans may despise Chinese characters. However, I am opposed to spelling Chinese characters with letters for the following reasons:

我个人一直在与学习汉字作斗争,我能理解为什么欧美人士可能会轻视汉字,然而,我反对用字母来拼写汉字,原因如下:

1. Learning and memorizing Chinese characters is much easier than learning the alphabet with a large number of diacritic symbols.

1.一旦你入门之后,学习和记忆汉字要比学习拥有大量变音符号的字母表要容易得多。

2. Knowledge of Chinese characters is a tool worth mastering – it enables people to have varying degrees of understanding of the meaning and vocabulary of language, which English users may not be able to grasp immediately. It’s easy to remember that “tomorrow” is composed of the rise and fall of “sun” and “Moon”, or that the word “Hugh” looks like a “person” leaning on the “tree”?

2.汉字知识是一种值得掌握的工具——它让人们对语言的意义和词汇有了不同程度的理解,而英语使用者可能无法立即掌握这一点。你会很容易铭记“明天”是由“太阳”和“月亮”的升起和落下组成的,或者“休”这个字看起来像是靠在“树”上的“人”。

3. Chinese writing and understanding of medical and scientific terms is much easier than English spelling. Chinese words can also better explain the meaning of a word. For example, “liver cirrhosis” literally means “liver sclerosis”, ophthalmology literally means “science for treating eyes”, and pediatrics literally means “pathological research of children”, which can be understood even by low-level non-native speakers. The elements in the periodic table that make Westerners headache, in which the literary reading method is monosyllabic and can be remembered like poetry.

3.医学和科学术语的中文书写和理解要比英文拼写容易得多。中文单词也能更好地解释一个词的意思,例如“肝硬化” 字面意思是“肝脏硬化”,眼科” 字面意思是“医治眼睛的科学”,儿科” 字面意思是“儿童病理研究”,即使是低水平的非母语人士也能理解。让西方人头疼的元素周期表中的元素,其中文念法是单音节的,可以像诗一样记住。

美网友:汉语这么难学为何中国不用拉丁字母或拼音字母替代汉字?

4. Chinese characters enable Chinese people to directly understand their own history and culture. Switching to Pinyin will make Chinese people disappear from thousands of years of culture and history. Every Chinese is at least familiar with many famous sentences in ancient Chinese books, such as Sun Tzu’s art of war, the Analects of Confucius, Tao Te Ching and Han, Tang and Song poetry.

4.汉字使中国人能够直接了解自己的历史和文化,改用拼音将使中国人从数千年的文化和历史中消失。每个中国人都至少熟悉中国古代书籍中的不少名句,如《孙子兵法》、《论语》、《道德经》和汉唐宋词。

Can you imagine an ordinary westerner memorizing Latin or Greek characters? How many people can recite Virgil and Horace? If they can master classical Latin or Greek, he can be a university professor. Western Greek and Latin have always been the fortress of Western civilization, but they have been almost forgotten in this era.

你能想象一个普通西方人熟记拉丁或希腊文字吗?有多少人能背诵维吉尔和霍勒斯?如果他们能掌握古典拉丁文或希腊文,他可以当大学教授了,西方的希腊语和拉丁语一直是西方文明的堡垒,可在这个时代,已经几乎被遗忘了。

6. Chinese characters promote national unity and cohesion. The status of Han people as the largest ethnic group in the world can be partly explained by the writing system. All literate Chinese, even if they speak “dialects” that cannot be understood by each other, can read the same books and feel that Chinese characters are their own language. If they develop different phonetic writing systems, they may split into different national groups, such as Italians, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanians.

6.汉字促进民族团结和凝聚力。汉人作为世界上最大的民族群体的地位可以部分地用书写系统来解释。所有有文化的中国人,即使他们说的是彼此无法理解的“方言”,也能读同样的书,感觉汉字是他们自己的语言。如果他们分别发展出不同的语音书写系统,他们可能会分裂成不同的国家群体,意大利人、法国人、西班牙人、葡萄牙人和罗马尼亚人就是如此。

7. Chinese characters are part of Chinese identity. From the perspective of the west, it is difficult to really understand the interweaving degree of Chinese characters and Chinese cultural identity. In the west, calligraphy is regarded as a special interest, while in China, people learn and imitate ancient calligraphy masters, students learn calligraphy courses, the elderly write in the park, families hang couplets outside the door, decorate houses with calligraphy art, and so on. If Chinese characters are abandoned, Chinese calligraphy will no longer exist, and all riddles / jokes / puns / poems will become meaningless.

7.汉字是中国身份的一部分。从西方的角度来看,很难真正理解汉字与中国文化身份的交织程度。在西方,书法被视为一种特殊的兴趣,而在中国,人们学习和模仿古代书法大师,学生学习书法课程,老年人在公园里写字,家庭在门外挂对联,用书法艺术装饰房屋等等。如果汉字被遗弃,中国书法将不复存在,所有的谜语/笑话/双关语/诗歌将变得毫无意义。

8. Chinese characters are a part of Chinese identity symbols, which shape the national character of Chinese people.

8.汉字是中国人身份象征的一部分,它塑造着中国人的民族性格。

Until the end of the 20th century, character based writing was regarded by Westerners as a poor system, because typing and printing were extremely labor-intensive processes and were regarded as the main obstacle to mass communication through text. Nevertheless, the large-scale printing and distribution of printed books or official documents is not a big problem in Eastern countries, because the scale of large-scale production can offset the trouble of typesetting.

直到20世纪末,基于字符的书写一直被西方人视为一种低劣的系统,因为打字和印刷是极其劳动密集的过程,被视为通过文本进行大众传播的主要障碍。尽管如此,印刷书籍或官方文件大规模地印刷和分发,在东方国家也不是什么大问题,因为大规模生产的规模可以抵消排版的麻烦。


美网友:汉语这么难学为何中国不用拉丁字母或拼音字母替代汉字?

日本网友Iceberg Sadao的回答

Because the Chinese writing system is actually better than the Pinyin alphabet system.

因为中文书写系统实际上比拼音字母系统更好。

“Replacing Chinese with Pinyin alphabet” is an outdated idea, and the current trend is just the opposite. China encourages people to use more Chinese characters in their daily life. According to the current trend, Chinese characters will never be abolished. On the contrary, some languages will continue to use and learn from Chinese characters.

“将汉语替换成拼音字母表”是一个过时的想法,目前的趋势正好相反。中国鼓励人们在日常生活中多使用汉字,按照目前的趋势,汉字将永远不会被废除,相反,一些语言将继续采用和借鉴汉字。

In the past, the computing power of our computers or machines was so limited that they could not even process thousands of characters. The educational resources in this country used to be very limited, so they think their children can’t learn thousands of characters, so it’s understandable that some people want to abolish Chinese characters.

过去,我们的计算机或机器的计算能力非常有限,甚至无法处理几千个字符。这个国家的教育资源曾经非常有限,因此他们认为自己的孩子没有能力学习几千个字符,所以有些人想废除汉字是可以理解的。

Now, the situation is completely different. The machine processing of Chinese characters is a piece of cake, and the education system has matured. It is not impossible to achieve a literacy rate of nearly 100%.

如今,情况完全不同了,机器处理汉字简直小菜一碟,教育体系也已经成熟,实现近100%的识字率并非不可能。

People are increasingly aware of the advantages of Chinese characters. Here are some advantages of Chinese characters:

人们越来越意识到汉字的优势。以下是汉字的一些优点:

1) Chinese characters are ideographic because they are written symbols and are not much different from hieroglyphics. Refer to this photo:

1) 汉字是表意的,因为它们是书面符号,与象形文字没有太大区别。参考这张照片:

美网友:汉语这么难学为何中国不用拉丁字母或拼音字母替代汉字?

What do you think? This pictogram has a lot of information. For Chinese characters, as long as you look at Chinese characters, everything is as obvious as this pictogram. We have a common language equivalent to “pictograms, which has the ability to describe almost all ideas about humans”.

你想到了什么?这个象形图有很多信息。对于汉字,只要你看一眼汉字,一切都像这个象形图一样明显。我们有相当于“象形图的通用语言,它有能力描述几乎所有关于人类的想法”。

美网友:汉语这么难学为何中国不用拉丁字母或拼音字母替代汉字?

日本路牌

For example, Japan uses both Chinese characters and Pinyin letters in its writing system. However, Japanese road signs are mostly Chinese characters, because reading speed is crucial, and they know that Chinese characters are easier to understand.

例如,日本在书写系统中同时使用汉字和拼音字母。然而,日本的路标大多是汉字,因为阅读速度至关重要,他们知道汉字更容易理解。

2) These characters contain meaning rather than sound, so we can communicate beyond the boundaries of language. This is another advantage of pictogram. Humans can use it anywhere, such as the airport.

2) 这些字符包含意义而非声音,因此我们可以超越语言边界进行交流,这是象形图的另一个优点,人类在机场等任何地方都可以使用它。

3) People can understand their history through Chinese characters and Chinese.

3) 人们可以通过汉字和汉语了解自己的历史。

4) when it comes to technical, medical and judicial terminology, China rarely needs to consult a dictionary. It is difficult for Korean beginners to understand the term “felony” or “diabetes”, =heavy crime or =sugar urine disease, because Korean only contains basic characters.

4) 当涉及到技术、医学和司法术语时,中国很少需要查阅字典,韩国初学者就很难理解“重罪”或“糖尿病”这个词,重罪(=heavy crime)“或”糖尿病(=sugar urine disease)”,因为韩语只包含相当基本的字符。

This is crucial for Koreans because if they buy something in a drugstore, they sometimes have to consult a dictionary when they want to read a medical description. This has never happened in China or Japan, because Chinese characters are meaningful. In China or Japan, mother tongue dictionaries are only used for academic purposes.

这对韩国人来说至关重要,因为如果他们在药店买了东西,当他们想阅读医学描述时,有时不得不查阅字典。在中国或日本,这种情况从未发生过,因为汉字有意义,在中国或日本,母语词典仅用于学术用途。

美网友:汉语这么难学为何中国不用拉丁字母或拼音字母替代汉字?

韩国宪法

5) If you start learning Chinese characters younger, it will be easier to learn them. Children can master it quickly, because every character has meaning, unlike phonetic characters, which are meaningless. In fact, because of these meaningful Chinese characters, the literacy rate in Japan is higher than that in South Korea.

5) 如果你年轻一点开始学习汉字,会更容易学进去。孩子们可以很快掌握,因为每个字符都有意义,而不像语音字符毫无意义。事实上,正因为这些有意义的汉字,日本的识字率高于韩国。

South Korea is resuming Chinese character education in the primary school system. At present, educated Koreans can read about 500 to 1000 Chinese characters. In the future, it can be predicted that because they start learning at a younger age, this number will increase to about 1500, enough for daily life.

韩国正在恢复小学系统中的汉字教育。目前,受过教育的韩国人能够阅读大约500到1000个汉字。在未来,可以预测,由于他们开始学习的年龄更小,这一数字将增加到1500左右,足够日常生活使用。

The Chinese mainland had proposed to use the phonetic writing system instead of the Chinese phonetic alphabet writing system. Later, they hoped to simplify the Chinese characters further, but failed. Japan has been expanding its “list of commonly used Chinese characters” again and again, which means that they actually use more Chinese characters than before.

中国大陆曾提出改用拼音书写系统,但失败了,后来,他们希望进一步简化汉字,但也失败了。日本一直在一次又一次地扩大他们的“常用汉字表”,这意味着他们实际上比以前使用了更多的汉字。

Hong Kong, Taiwan and other regions… Still use traditional Chinese characters, and they have no intention of switching to simplified systems. Now, thanks to the computer system, the time required to input traditional Chinese characters is exactly the same as that required to input simplified Chinese characters.

香港、台湾等地区…仍在使用繁体汉字,他们也无意切换到简化系统,如今,多亏了计算机系统,输入繁体字所需的时间与输入简体字所需的时间完全相同。

Theoretically, human beings need a better writing system, and a better writing system should give full play to human ability. The return on investment in learning Chinese is really high, and developed countries can afford this investment. Mankind has reached a point where we can provide a platform for every citizen to accelerate faster and deeper communication, and Chinese characters are what our “next generation writing system” needs.

理论上,人类需要更好的书写系统,更好地写作系统应该发挥人的能力。学习汉语的投资回报真的很高,发达国家可以负担得起这种投资。人类已经到了一个地步,我们可以为每个公民提供一个平台,以加速更快、更深入地交流,而汉字正是我们“下一代书写系统”所需要的。


美网友:汉语这么难学为何中国不用拉丁字母或拼音字母替代汉字?

美国网友亚历克斯的回答

Chinese characters are by far the most elegant writing system created by mankind. It is not without shortcomings, but in my opinion, its information density, reading speed and overall beauty are unparalleled.

汉字是迄今为止人类创造的最优雅的书写系统。它并非没有缺点,但在我看来,它的信息密度、阅读速度和总体美是无与伦比的。

The concept of separation of pictogram and pronunciation means that with the change of pronunciation over the years, different dialects in different regions will develop, but the characters do not have to be redesigned. With the expansion of regional differences, the users of all dialects are written in the same text, which provides a direct connection and common clue echoing with history for a country with thousands of years of inheritance and continuous changes of dynasties.

象形图与发音分离的概念意味着,随着语音多年来的变化,会发展出不同地域各自的方言,但字符不必重新设计。随着地区差异的扩大,所有方言的使用者都是书同文的,这为传承千年,朝代更迭不断的国家提供了与历史隔空呼应的直接联系和共同线索。

Imagine that it is impossible for people with average native English to read any book older than Shakespeare, or text written in Danish or Icelandic.

想象一下,让英语母语水平一般的人阅读任何比莎士比亚更古老的书籍,或是用丹麦语或冰岛语写的文本,简直是天方夜谭。

This reflects the beauty of Chinese characters. Even Chinese, Japanese and Koreans (depending on age and education level) can have basic conversations with pens and some waste paper without understanding each other’s spoken language, just because of the consistency and stability of their common writing system.

这就体现出汉字的美了。即使是中国人、日本人和韩国人(取决于年龄和教育水平),也可以用钢笔和一些废纸进行基本的对话,而不需要了解对方的口语,这仅仅是因为他们共同的书写系统的一致性和稳定性。

Oh, it’s not hard to learn, but if you’re an adult, it does take some time because you’re used to the inherent language system. But for most children, the symbolism and elegance of the writing system are enough to ensure that they can master oral English smoothly.

哦,这并不难学,但如果你是成年人,这确实需要一些时间,因为你已经习惯了固有的语言体系。但对大多数孩子来说,这个书写系统的象征意义和优雅程度足以确保他们顺利掌握口语。


从新文化运动1926年颁布的”国语罗马字拼音法式”,至此开始拉开汉语拉丁字母改革的序幕。

上世纪三十年代开始,是汉字拉丁化的黄金期,中国的知识分子极端地反对一切旧的文化,博大精深的中文汉语竟然险些就要被拉丁字母代替,很难以想象当时大多数的社会名流都对此项改革纷纷表示支持,其中郭沫若、鲁迅、蔡元培、翟秋白的名字赫然在列。

还好新中国成立之后,刹住了这股风气,避免了汉字文化的沉沦。

赞(1)
版权声明:本文采用知识共享 署名4.0国际许可协议 [BY-NC-SA] 进行授权
文章名称:《美网友:汉语这么难学为何中国不用拉丁字母或拼音字母替代汉字?》
文章链接:https://www.bachemiao.com/207014.html
本站资源仅供个人学习交流,请于下载后24小时内删除,不允许用于商业用途,否则法律问题自行承担。

业余吃瓜,理性学习,发现美的世界

小清新扒车教育

登录

找回密码

注册