印度网友热议：印度和中国差距为什么这么大？

中国和印度既是邻国，又是人口大国，如今还是全球经济增长最快的两个国家，经济发展模式为世界瞩目。关注国际新闻的朋友都知道，近年来发展起来的印度也是经常喜欢与中国进行比较，那么，印度和中国的最新实力对比是怎样的呢？ 在美版知乎Quora上，印度网友提问道：印度还可以和中国相媲美吗？这引起各国网友的关注和热议，我们看看他们是怎么说的。

问题:印度和中国还有可比性吗？

巴基斯坦网友纳尔的回答

I come from Pakistan. I have visited China and India. I think I will have some say.

我来自巴基斯坦，我曾到访过中国和印度，我想我会有一些发言权。

That was in the 1980s. China was not so prosperous, but this country was very big. Unlike Pakistan, it had a strong capitalist culture and everything was in full swing. Even now China is a little less prosperous.

那是在80年代，中国还没有那么繁荣，但这个国家很大，不像巴基斯坦，那里有着浓厚的资本主义文化，一切都风气大开，就是现在的中国也略有不及。

Compared with India, I find it difficult to compare because their goals, governance and economic models are very different, or India is far behind.

与印度相比，我觉得很难比较，因为它们的目标、治理和经济模式都非常不同，或者说，印度都远远落后。

Compared with India, China’s most obvious advantage is their long-term thinking and incredible governance model. China’s basic economic goals can be planned until 2070. Frankly, their political party is composed of a group of highly educated and high-quality technocrats who can always make the best decisions and choices for the country.

与印度相比，中国最显而易见的优势是他们的长线思维和令人难以置信的治理模式。中国的基本经济目标的规划可以一直制定到2070年，坦率地说，他们的政党是由一群拥有丰富学识的高素质技术官僚组成的，他们总是能为这个国家做出最佳的决定和选择。

The operation of India’s so-called democratic system is to please voters, or even bribe. Whether officials can be elected has nothing to do with their ability and education.

而印度所谓的民主制度运行的根本是取悦选民，甚至不惜贿赂，官员能否当选完全与其能力和学历无关。

I don’t think it’s fair to compare the two country.

我认为将两者进行比较是不公平的。

印度网友Mitadru的回答

Certainly.

当然可以。

Despite the economic gap, no third country can belong to the same echelon as China and India in terms of scale, population, development speed and intellectual quality.

尽管存在经济差距，但从规模、人口、发展速度、知识分子素质来看，没有第三国能与中国和印度同属一个梯队。

Apart from China, India’s achievements in the past 20 years can be envied by the rest of the world. Although China is currently in the leading position, no one can predict what major changes will take place in this rapidly changing world in the next 20 years. With these crises, wars and stupid politicians, the black swan incident is possible.

除了中国，印度在过去20年中取得的成就可以让世界其他国家羡慕不已。尽管中国目前处于领先地位，但在这个瞬息万变的世界上，没有人能预测未来20年会发生什么重大变化。有了这些危机、战争和愚蠢的政客，黑天鹅事件才有出现的可能。

In the future, India’s risks include:

未来，印度的风险包括：

-The caste and race Department hides great hidden dangers;

-种姓和种族制度隐藏着巨大的隐患；

-The power of the central government is too small, which makes it difficult for many officials to make practical achievements;

-中央政府的权力太小，这让许多官员都力有不逮，难以做出实际成果；

-The democratic system is inefficient and the phenomenon of wrangling and corruption is serious.

-民主制度效率低下，扯皮贪腐现象严重。

As for China, I also have many issues to pay attention to:

至于中国，我也有很多需要关注的问题：

-The population is aging and the willingness to bear is reduced;

-人口老龄化，生育意愿降低；

-The omni-directional hostility of the western society represented by the United States;

-以美国为代表的西方社会全方位的敌视；

-Risks brought by the war of reunification.

-未来必须面对的国家统一战争带来的风险。

印度专家Rahul的回答

I think the reason for raising this question is that China has made many achievements in the past 30 years and is ahead of India in almost all human development parameters. Nevertheless, I think India still has hope to surpass.

我认为，提出这个问题的原因是，中国在过去30年中取得了很多成就，在几乎所有人类发展参数方面都以巨大的优势领先于印度，尽管如此，我认为印度还是有希望进行超越的。

To answer this question, I’ll give you a small example. In school, I have a friend, he used to study carelessly in class, ignoring what the teacher taught, he was always immersed in the world of his own imagination. It is always difficult for him to learn new things/concepts.

为了回答这个问题，我将举一个小例子。在学校里，我有一个朋友，他过去在课堂上学习总是漫不经心，忽视老师教的东西，他总是沉浸于自己想象的世界。对他来说，学习新事物/新概念总是很困难的。

Most teachers claim at any educational conference that he is not a good material for learning. Although it is difficult to learn new things, over time, after investing time and energy in these subjects, he can easily surpass those who are excellent at the beginning.

大多数教师在任何教育会议都声称他不是一块学习的好材料。学习新事物虽然很困难，但随着时间的推移，在这些科目上投入时间和精力后，他很容易超越了那些一开始就非常优秀的人。

Through this thing, I learned a truth. If you are not a good beginner, don’t belittle yourself. Compared with others, you are not always bad.

通过这件事情我学会了一个道理，如果你不是一个好的初学者，那么不要妄自菲薄，与其他人相比，你不一定总是不好的。

Maybe your brain is not built in a way that makes it easier to master new things than others. Similarly, India, like the child in the class who started slowly, may still be at a stage where other similar children are ahead of him.

也许你的大脑并不是以一种与其他人相比更容易掌握新事物的方式建立起来的。同样，印度也可能像班上的那个起步慢的孩子一样，仍然处于其他类似的孩子走在他前面的阶段。

Similarly, India’s political system, social values and economic policies can be compared with the child’s careless nature and different brain structures, which is called late development advantage.

同样的，印度的政治制度、社会价值观、经济政策等都可以与那个孩子的漫不经心的天性和不同的大脑结构进行同项类比，这就叫后发优势。

The industrial revolution began mainly in Britain. In the first few years, Britain was stronger than Germany economically, militarily and politically. This period lasted for 40-50 years, but slowly, the German’s economic performance surpassed that of the British. In fact, in a one-to-one military comparison, they were better than the British. Their scientific achievements are better than the British.

工业革命主要始于英国。在最初的几年里，英国在经济、军事和政治上都比德国强大，这一时期持续了40-50年，但慢慢地，德国人的经济表现超过了英国人，事实上，在一对一的军事比较中，他们比英国人要好。他们的科学成就比英国人更好。

重污染下的印度

Britain is an early country, so it has been ahead of Germany and France for at least 50-60 years after the industrial revolution. But at the beginning of the 20th century, the Germans took the lead. Without World Wars I and II, they might have maintained the status of the world’s second-largest industrial country.

英国是一个起步较早的国家，所以在工业革命开始后的至少50-60年里，英国一直领先于德国和法国。但在20世纪初，德国人走在了前面，如果没有第一次和第二次世界大战，他们可能会一直维持世界第二大工业国的地位。

So, my view is that if you have potential and maintain political stability for a longer period of time, there is no force on earth that can prevent you from becoming a world power in all aspects.

所以，我的观点是，如果你有潜力，并且在更长的一段时间内保持政治稳定，那么地球上没有任何力量可以阻止你在各个方面成为一个世界大国。

When people talk about India, they always talk about its huge territory and large population. We must remember that India, as a civilization, has been second to none in military and economic terms for most of the past two thousand years.

当人们谈论印度时，总是说到其巨大的领土面积，大量的人口。我们必须记住，印度作为一个文明，在过去两千年的大部分时间里，在军事和经济方面一直是首屈一指的。

So it is only temporary for us to lag behind the rest of the world. I believe that if Indians continue to make great efforts to improve their political, social and economic policies slowly and steadily, no force on earth can stop them.

所以我们落后于世界其他地方只是暂时的，我相信，如果印度人继续付出大量努力，缓慢而稳定地完善他们的政治、社会和经济政策，那么地球上没有任何力量能够阻止他们。

Therefore, if you want to compare China with other countries, the most suitable candidate is India.

因此，如果你想将中国与其他国家进行比较，那么最合适的候选人是印度。

印度网友库马尔的回答

The following is the per capita income of the world’s top 10 economies in terms of GDP (average income of a person or GDP-PPP of the country)

以下是按GDP计算的世界十大经济体的人均收入（一个人的平均收入或该国的GDP-PPP）

1.美国：67990美元/1.US $67990

2.中国：9987美元/2.China: $9987

3.日本：42963美元/3.Japan: $42963

4.德国：52287美元/4.Germany: $52287

5.法国：46413美元/5.France: $46413

6.巴西：11 773美元/6.Brazil: $11773

7.英国：42486美元/7.UK: $42486

8.意大利：36303美元/8.Italy: $36303

9.印度：2563美元/9. India: $2563

10.俄罗斯：12092美元/10. Russia: $12092

The above list includes the world’s largest economy, the largest military, nuclear weapon states and permanent members of the UN Security Council, so it is a very important list. Now, we can divide these top ten economies into three categories:

上述名单包括世界上最大的经济体、最大的军队、核武国家和联合国安理会常任理事国，因此是一个相当重要的名单。现在，我们可以把这些前十大经济体分为三类：

1. High income: the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan, France, Italy – more than 30000 US dollars;

1.高收入：美国、英国、德国、日本、法国、意大利——超过3万美元；

2. Middle income: Brazil, Russia – US $10000 to US $20000;

2.中等收入：巴西、俄罗斯——1万至2万美元；

3. Low income: China, India – less than $10000.

3.低收入：中国、印度——不足1万美元。

The per capita income gap between India and China is much smaller than that between China and Germany. Therefore, dividing India and China into the first group, the United States, Europe and Japan as the second group is a fast and convenient mechanism for investors and marketers.

印度和中国的人均收入差距远小于中国和德国的差距。因此，将印度和中国分为第一组、美国、欧洲和日本，作为第二组，对投资者和营销人员来说是一种快捷方便的机制。

India and China are two poorer countries (in terms of per capita income), ranking first mainly by the population with more than 1 billion homes.

印度和中国是两个较为贫穷的国家（就人均收入而言），主要以拥有超过10亿住房的人口排名第一。

Both China and India belong to the BRICs countries (BRICs), which is the abbreviation of large new economic market countries. A large number of people are not rich enough.

中国和印度同属金砖国家（BRIC），它是大型新型经济市场国家的缩写，其中有大量的人还不够富裕。

In addition to this example, there are many reasons to compare India and China as a whole:

除了这个例子，还有很多理由将印度和中国作为一个整体进行比较：

1. The huge population dwarfs all other continents;

1.庞大的人口使所有其他大陆相形见绌；

2. Both countries have a long history extending to 3000 BC, and their ancient contemporaries – Egypt, Mesopotamia and later Greece – were all destroyed in the long river of history;

2.这两个国家都有着绵延至公元前3000年的悠久历史，他们的古代同时代人——埃及、美索不达米亚和后来的希腊——全都在历史的长河中覆灭了；

3. There are 100 million poor people in both countries. They are rapidly upgrading the value chain and optimizing the industrial structure;

3.这两个国家都有1亿穷人，他们正在迅速提升价值链，优化产业结构；

4. The economies of these two countries have been greatly protected and closed, and are slowly opening to the world. They have embarked on the path of socialism / communism in their economic model, while the western hemisphere has embarked on a completely different path.

4.这两个国家的经济都曾受到了极大的保护和封闭，正慢慢向世界开放，他们在经济模式上都走上了社会主义/共产主义的道路，而西半球则走上了截然不同的道路。