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日本网友问:日韩越三国文化起源于中国吗?

美国知名问答网站Quora上一名日本网友问道:为什么中国人主张日韩越三国文化起源于中国?美国语言研究学者吉福德回答了这个问题,他说中国有完整的考古证据和文化传承加以证明。

日本网友问:凭什么中国人主张日韩越三国文化起源于中国?

问题:为什么中国人主张日韩越三国文化起源于中国?

日本网友问:凭什么中国人主张日韩越三国文化起源于中国?

美国网友吉福德•戴拉的回答,他在麻省阿默斯特大学主修语言学和汉语

Where is this?

这是哪里?

日本网友问:凭什么中国人主张日韩越三国文化起源于中国?

东大寺

日本网友问:凭什么中国人主张日韩越三国文化起源于中国?

寺庙内部

Ask a modern person: the answer is Japan, specifically Tōdaiji (東大寺).

去问任何一个现代人,得到的答案都是日本,特别是東大寺。

Ask some from the 6th century: the answer is some temple in China.

如果你问一个来自公元六世纪的人的话,他的回答一定是:中国的寺庙。

Japan was a melting pot of indigenous, polynesian, and Chinese culture since prehistory but modern Japan has its roots from one source: Tang Dynasty (唐朝).

史前时期,日本是由粗糙的土著文明、波利尼西亚部落习俗和中国文化相互影响的大熔炉,但现代日本的根源只有一个:唐朝

The very name of JAPAN is Chinese: its meaning “origin of the sun” is from the perspective of China, and its ‘international name’ is derived from the Chinese pronunciation of 日本 from probably “Shanghaiese” aka some Jiangsu/Zhejiang dialect.

日本的名字本身就是中文:它的意思是“太阳升起的地方”。从中国语言的角度来看的,它的“国际名称”就是从日本的中文发音中派生出来的,据考证,“日本”这个词可能来自“上海话”,也就是江苏/浙江方言。

The Taika Reforms (大化の改新) was a conscious, concerted effort by the Japanese to copy and paste literally everything from Tang-era China, including but not limited to government system and administration, philosophy, religion, writing and literature, architecture, food culture, fashion, etc. Some say if you want to see the ‘real China’, go to Japan. I would modify that to “if you want to see a China that was never affected by ‘foreign’ occupations (namely Mongol, Manchu) but affected by shamanism and Polynesian cultures, go to Japan.”

大化改新(大化の改新) 这是日本人有意识地、毫无保留地复制粘贴唐朝中国的一切的思想改革运动,包括但不限于政府制度和管理、哲学、宗教、写作和文学、建筑、饮食文化、时尚风俗等。有人说,如果你想看到“真正的中国”,就去日本。我会将其修改为“如果你想看到一个从未受到‘外族’占领(即蒙古、满族)影响,但受到萨满教和波利尼西亚文化影响的中国,那就去日本吧。”

So the sweeping generalization that Japanese culture and language came from China is true, but with much fine-print. Note that Japanese got their first writing system from China, even though the grammatical DNA is totally different, which is why Japanese is a beast of a language to master, even for native Japanese.

因此,日本文化和语言来自中国的说法大体是正确的,但有很多细节需要厘清。需要强调的是,日本人的第一个规范的书写系统来自中国,尽管语法天差地别,这就是为什么日语是一种很难掌握的语言,即使对土生土长的日本人来说也是如此。

As for the origins of Japanese people: they are a mix of mainland Asian, Polynesian, and people native to the Japanese archipelago. Specifically, proto-Japanese people could be traced to two sources: Yayoi group came from a Peking Man (not *The* Peking Man but rather from Beijing area, China) and Jomon group came from Ainu, people originating from Outer Manchuria and Sakhalin region which later moved to colonize Hokkaido and Honshu.

至于日本人的起源:他们是亚洲大陆人、波利尼西亚人和在日本群岛土生土长的人的混合体。具体地说,原始日本人可以追溯到两个来源:弥生族来自北京人(不是现在所谓的北京人,而是来自中国北方地区)和绳纹族来自阿伊努人,他们来自外满洲和萨哈林地区,后来移居北海道和本州。

There is a legend that the first Japanese people were an expedition from Qin Dynasty (秦朝) seeking immortality for the (in)famous First Emperor. The leaders of course knew they were going to fail, and never returned to China.

传说第一批日本人是秦朝的一支远征队(秦朝) 为著名的第一位皇帝寻求永生,领导者徐福当然知道他们会失败,因此再也没有回到中国。

I think (only think) most of the Japanese people see Chinese people negatively. One of the reasons of this is because the mass media here only report negative news about China. There are a whole bunch of TV shows here introducing trips to foreign countries but they don’t include China. This sounds strange but true. I think there must be some sort of rules to exclude them or report negative info within Japan’s media companies. I would want to see such TV shows as I would like to visit China one day but none existed as far as I can recall. Instead, TV news report how rude Chinese tourists are and so and so. In a way, people here have very little info about China. You need to search by yourself if you want to know more information.

为什么日本会有这么多怪异的问题呢?归根结底是因为不理解源于不了解。大多数日本人对中国人的看法是负面的。其中一个原因是,这里的大众媒体为博眼球只报道有关中国的负面新闻。这里有一大堆介绍外国旅游的电视节目,但不包括中国。这听起来很奇怪,但却是真的。我认为必须有某种规则来排除他们或把日本媒体公司内部的暗箱操作公之于众。电视新闻报道总爱放大中国游客的粗鲁行为。在某种程度上,这里的人们对中国的了解很少,如果人们想知道更多的信息,只能靠自己搜索。

There was a very interesting occurrence the other day. I love Chinese music played with Chinese instruments. I told one of my friends about my favorite Chinese musician (actually he is a Taiwanese to be precise but still he is a Chinese). She was instantly hooked and told me it totally changed her view on Chinese people. See? People here have only limited information and those are mostly in the negative side. But once they see the good/positive side, they will love China. There are a huge number of good things in China – food, music, nature, philosophy, martial arts and the great history. And now they are starting to lead the high tech industries. And most of all, they have the 4000 years of the past that we can dig into.

前几天发生了一件非常有趣的事。我喜欢用中国乐器演奏的中国音乐。我告诉我的一个朋友分享了我最喜欢的中国音乐家(确切地说,他是中国台湾人)的作品。她立刻上瘾了,告诉我这完全改变了她对中国人的看法。看见这里的人们只有有限的信息,而这些信息大多是负面的。但一旦他们看到了好的/积极的一面,他们就会爱上中国。中国有很多好东西——食物、音乐、自然、哲学、武术和伟大的历史,现在他们开始领导高科技产业。最重要的是,他们有4000年的历史,可以供我们学习和挖掘。

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文章名称:《日本网友问:日韩越三国文化起源于中国吗?》
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