扒车喵正值中国农历新年到来之际，东亚各国正沉浸在节日的气氛里，在海外问答网站Quora上，韩国网友不合时宜地提问道：中国农历新年起源于韩国吗？这引起了各国网友的围观和热议，我们看一下他们的科普和回答。
问题：中国农历新年源自韩国吗？
越南网友陈传的回答
What do we often mean by “Chinese New Year”?
我们常说的“中国新年”是指什么？
Of course, it’s the new year on the Chinese calendar.
当然是中国日历上的新年。
What is the Chinese calendar?
中国的日历又是什么？
The Chinese calendar, also known as the lunar calendar, is a calendar system that has been created and developed in China for more than 4000 years.
中国历法，又称农历，是一种在中国创造和发展了4000多年的历法体系。
This is a calendar system with the size of day and month.
这是一个以日月为尺寸的日历系统。
What is the Yin Yang calendar?
什么是阴阳历？
In fact, this is a compromise between the Gregorian calendar and the lunar calendar. It is a unique way to show both the phase of the moon and the time of the sun.
其实这是阳历和阴历之间的折衷，它是一种既能显示月亮相位又能显示太阳年时间的独特方式。
The solar calendar we are all familiar with mainly considers the annual cycle of the sun. A solar year is 365.2422 days, so in the solar calendar, a calendar year has 365 days, and the solar calendar has leap years to keep the calendar year synchronized with the solar year. In a typical Gregorian calendar (such as the Gregorian calendar), there are 12 months in a year, with 28 to 31 days in each month, adding up to 365 or 366 days.
我们都熟悉的太阳历主要考虑的是太阳年周期。一个太阳年是365.2422天，所以在太阳历中，一个日历年有365天，阳历有闰年来保持日历年与太阳年同步。在典型的阳历（如公历）中，一年有12个月，每个月有28到31天的天数，加起来有365或366天。
The lunar calendar does not focus on the solar year, but on the lunar phase. The lunar cycle is about 29.5 days, so in the lunar calendar, a month is about 29 or 30 days. A year can be defined as 12 months.
农历并不关注太阳年，而是关于月相的历法。月球周期约为29.5天，所以，在农历中，一个月大约是29或30天。一年可以定义为12个月。
For example, the Islamic calendar is the lunar calendar, which has 12 months and 354 days a year, and there are 11 leap years every 30 years. The difference between leap year and calendar year is that the month with 29 days in a calendar year (the last month of the Islamic calendar) will be adjusted to 30 days, so a calendar year has 354 days and leap year has 355 days.
例如，伊斯兰历是阴历，一年有12个月，354天，每30年有11个闰年。闰年和日历年的区别在于，一个日历年中有29天的月份（伊斯兰日历的最后一个月）将被调整为30天，所以一个日历年有354天，闰年有355天。
The lunar calendar focuses on the phase of the moon and the Gregorian calendar focuses on the phase of the sun. But Chinese farmers are mainly concerned about crops. They are concerned about the weather that affects production, so they need a calendar to tell them the seasons and weather patterns.
农历侧重于月相，阳历侧重于太阳相。但中国农民主要关注农作物，他们关心影响产量的天气，所以他们需要一个日历，告诉他们季节和天气模式。
So they invented the yin-yang calendar, which is a mixture of the Gregorian calendar and the lunar calendar.
所以他们发明了阴阳历，是阳历和阴历的混合体。
The Chinese calendar is still based on the phase of the moon, but they need something to tell them the season. Different from the leap year in the Islamic calendar, they established a leap month system. There are 7 leap months every 19 years, insert the year. There are 354 days in a 12-month year and 383 / 384 days in a 13 month year (leap month), depending on the leap month. Leap months should be arranged so that the first month of each year is not far from the month in the Gregorian calendar.
中国的历法仍然以月相为基础，但他们需要一些东西来告诉他们季节。与伊斯兰历法中的闰年不同，他们建立了闰月制度。每19年有7个闰月，插入年份。12个月的年份有354天，13个月的年份（闰月）有383/384天，具体取决于闰月。闰月的安排应确保每年的第一个月与阳历中的月份不会相差太远。
Leap months still can’t tell farmers the season, so the Chinese invented solar terms. The Taichu calendar published in 104 ad is the first calendar containing solar terms. There are 24 solar terms. Each solar term matches a specific astronomical event or represents a natural phenomenon, corresponding to 24 points separated by 15 ° along the ecliptic. Solar terms accurately tell farmers what kind of weather will happen and what they should do accordingly.
闰月仍然不能告诉农民季节，所以中国人发明了节气。公元104年出版的《太初历》是第一部包含节气的历法。共有24个节气，每个节气与特定的天文事件相匹配，或表示某种自然现象，对应于沿黄道相隔15°的24个点。节气准确地告诉农民将要发生什么样的天气，以及他们应该据此做什么。
The Chinese calendar has evolved over time and changed many times, but the above are the basic characteristics that remain unchanged. Since the publication of the Taichu calendar by the Han Empire, it has been called the Han calendar for the first time. In the Tang Dynasty, the arrangement method of leap month and other details has been greatly improved. We have Mao Yinchu calendar, Linde calendar, wild goose calendar and so on. Wild goose calendar is the most famous one.
中国的历法随着时间的推移而演变，并发生了多次变化，但以上是保持不变的基本特征。自汉帝国出版《太初历》以来，它首次被称为汉历。在唐代，闰月和其他细节的安排方法有了很大的改进，我们有茅寅初历、林德历、大雁历等，大雁历是最著名的一种。
In the Yuan Dynasty, China had a sushi calendar, which was a great improvement:
在元朝，中国有寿司历，这是一个很大的改进：
Fix the solar year as 365.2425 days and rearrange the solar terms accordingly.
将太阳年固定为365.2425天，并相应地重新安排节气。
One month was fixed at 29.530593 days.
将一个月固定为29.530593天。
Abandoning the previous baseline, a new method of arbitrary baseline is proposed.
放弃上元基线，提出一种任意基线的新方法。
Sushi calendar was adapted into Datong calendar in the Ming Dynasty, but it was slightly modified. Datong calendar was used until the demise of the dynasty.
《寿司历》在明代被改编成大同历，但略有修改，大同历一直使用到王朝灭亡。
About 1630, the Ming Dynasty made its own improvements in the calendar, but the end of the Ming Dynasty is at hand, so the calendar was published by the Qing Dynasty, which is the Shixian calendar.
大约在1630年，明朝在历法方面做出了自己的改进，但明朝的末日就在眼前，所以历法是由清朝出版的，这就是世贤历法。
From this calendar, modern astronomical theory was introduced into China. Finally, some small adjustments were made to make the calendar more accurate in predicting solar eclipses or similar events.
从这个历法开始，现代天文学理论被引入中国，最后进行了一些小的调整，使历法在预测日食或类似事件时更加准确。
Today, in the Chinese new year, we refer to the first day of the Zijin calendar, which is the latest version of the Chinese calendar released by the Zijin Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
今天，到了中国农历新年，我们指的是紫金历法的第一天，是中国科学院紫金山天文台发布的中国历法的最新版。
Main differences between Chinese calendar and other calendar systems:
中国历法与其他历法系统的主要区别：
The Chinese calendar is an astronomical calendar. Major dates are defined by real-time astronomical events rather than preset time periods. For example, in the Gregorian calendar (the Gregorian calendar used by Chinese people every day), July always has 31 days. In the Chinese calendar, July is defined as the time period between the seventh and eighth new moons of GMT + 8.
中国历法是天文历法。主要日期由实时天文事件定义，而不是预先设定的时间段。例如，在公历（中国人每天使用的公历）中，七月总是有31天。在中国历法中，7月被定义为GMT+8的第七次和第八次新月出现之间的时间段。
The Chinese calendar has 24 solar terms, separated by 15 ° along the ecliptic.
中国历法有24个节气，沿黄道相隔15°。
The leap month in the Chinese calendar is an unconditional month between two noon (Japan has additional rules for leap months).
中国历法中的闰月是两个正午之间的无条件月份（日本的闰月有额外的规则）。
The Chinese calendar is an algorithmic calendar, which uses GMT + 8 and Nanjing coordinates as parameters (Zijinshan Observatory is located in Nanjing).
中国历法是一种算法历法，它使用GMT+8和南京坐标作为参数（紫金山天文台位于南京）。
By changing them to another time zone / City, countries have their own versions of the Chinese calendar (such as North Korea, South Korea and Vietnam).
把它们换成另一个时区/城市，就有了各国自己版本的中国日历（如朝鲜、韩国和越南）。
Therefore, the saying that the Lunar New Year originated from South Korea or other countries is completely ridiculous and absurd.
所以，农历新年源于韩国或其他国家的说法完全是可笑而荒缪的。
德国网友迈克尔•金的回答
It’s incredible that Koreans lack knowledge to this extent.
难以置信韩国人的知识匮乏到这个地步。
Ancient Korea (including North Korea and South Korea) was one of China’s affiliated countries. They tried to learn and imitate everything from China.
古代朝鲜（包括朝鲜和韩国）是中国的附属国家之一，他们努力学习和模仿中国的一切。
They have a concept that Sinicization can ensure the status of North Korea as a civilized man in that period. At the same time, they call other people who failed to sinicize or have a low degree of Sinicization barbarians, so they are proud to be awarded the title of “Little China”. Seoul’s old name is Seoul, which means Chinese city or the city of Great Han.
他们有一个观念，汉化可以确保那个时期朝鲜作为文明人的地位，同时，他们将其他未能汉化或汉化程度较低的人称为野蛮人，所以他们为荣膺“小中国”的称号感到骄傲， 首尔的旧名是汉城， 意思是中国城市或大汉之城。
To put it bluntly, South Korea is a country without independent culture. Their culture has too many Chinese characteristics. However, the times are changing. China is still a developing country and lags behind South Korea in some fields. Therefore, South Korea is both inferior and arrogant in the face of China.
不客气地说，韩国是一个没有独立文化的国家，他们的文化有太多中国特色。然而，时代正在改变，中国仍是发展中国家，在某些领域还落后于韩国，所以韩国在面对中国时既自卑又傲慢。
On the one hand, they wanted to remove the influence of Chinese culture. On the other hand, they occupied Chinese traditions and customs and claimed that these traditions and customs originated in South Korea because they found that South Korea could not be separated from Chinese culture.
一方面，他们想解除汉文化的影响，另一方面，他们占领了中国的传统和习俗，并宣称这些传统和习俗起源于韩国，因为他们发现韩国无法与中国文化分离。
I’m not Korean, but I think I should mention that only a few Koreans really believe that the Chinese lunar calendar is created in Korea. This is not taught in Korean schools or the official cognition of the Korean government.
我不是韩国人，但我觉得我应该提一下，只有少数韩国人真正相信中国农历是在韩国创造的，这不是韩国学校教的，也不是韩国政府的官方认知。
The reason why Koreans insist on calling it “Lunar New Year” is that they (Koreans) celebrate the Spring Festival, but they are not Chinese. This is a very untenable argument.
韩国人之所以坚持称之为“农历新年”，是因为他们（韩国人）庆祝春节，而他们不是中国人，这是一个非常站不住脚的论点。
The reason why they hold this position is very simple, that is, Koreans are trying to establish their own cultural identity without being influenced by Chinese culture. In this process, they need to make some psychological preparations. After all, they are too deeply influenced by China.
他们持有这一立场的原因很简单，即韩国人正试图建立自己的文化认同，而不受中国文化的影响，在这个过程中，他们需要进行一些心理准备，毕竟他们受中国影响太深了。
The Japanese went through the same stage during the Meiji period, when they decided to stop celebrating the lunar new year. However, I have to commend the Japanese here for their objectivity in the whole incident. I haven’t seen any Japanese deny that their culture comes from China.
日本人在明治时期也经历了同样的阶段，当时他们决定停止庆祝农历新年，然而，我不得不赞扬这里的日本人在整个事件中表现得很客观，我还没有看到任何日本人否认他们的文化来自中国。
