扒车喵Is the U.S. immune to invasion?对于敌人的入侵，美国是否可以完全免疫？
Quora读者的评论：
Sam Hopper, works at The High School Experience
A continental invasion of the US would be nearly impossible. You have a nation with perfect natural borders in the form of entire oceans on either side. Then you have to defeat the biggest and most technologically advance navy and air force in the world (by a mile) just to get to the shores. And thats only if the US’s force immense global force projection capability doesnt destroy the invading nation before it occurs. Then if by a mere miracle they beat the military and get to the US coast, they have to deal with 100 million privately owned firearms carried by an enormous civilian insurgency, many of which have been day-dreaming about such a scenario forever.
The US is big. Attacking a country that large is a logistics nightmare – it’s similar to going through Siberia to conquer Russia. You’re going to get spread thin, and then you’re going to starve and get routed.
The US has a massive amount of force in places that could be invaded. Notice how most of the bases are in coastal areas? (Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, California, etc) They’re there for a reason – an attack is not going to come from Kansas. So, not only do they have a lot of firepower, it’s already in the best spot for an invasion.
The United States has one of the most massive armed forces, so therefore a type of standard military attack would be ineffective. The only possible way the cripple the United States would be unorthodox.
Unorthodox methods such as super contagions, nuclear weapons, aliens, cyber attacks, the Illuminati, or Mine craft..
“America will never be destroyed from the outside. If we falter and lose our freedoms, it will be because we destroyed ourselves.” -Abraham Lincoln
入侵美国大陆几乎是不可能的事。你们国家有着完美的自然国界，国土的每一边都有一整片的海洋。敌方还必须击败世界上规模最大、技术最先进的海军和空军，才能到达海岸。只有在美国强大的全球军力投射能力没能在入侵前摧毁这个国家的情况下才可能做到。如果发生了奇迹，他们击败了美国，到达了美国海岸，他们还必须面对携带了一亿支私人枪支的庞大的平民叛乱分子，其中许多人一直梦想着这样的场景。
美国地域宽广。袭击一个这么大的国家对于军队后勤来说简直就是噩梦——就像穿越西伯利亚去征服俄罗斯一样。你们的战线会拉得很长，忍饥挨饿，被打得溃不成军。
美国在可能被入侵的地区拥有大量的军事力量。注意到大部分基地都设在沿海地区吗?(乔治亚州、北卡罗来纳州、弗吉尼亚州、加利福尼亚州等)他们在那里设立基地是有原因的——袭击不会来自堪萨斯州。所以，他们不仅拥有强大的火力，而且在应对入侵的最佳位置做好了防备。
美国拥有最强大的武装力量之一，因此常规军事攻击无法攻破美国的防线。唯一可能使美国陷入瘫痪的方法只能是非常规做法。
非常规做法，有如超级传染性，核武器，外星人，网络攻击，光照派或地雷。
“美国永远不会从外部被摧毁。如果我们动摇并失去自由，那只能是我们毁灭了自己。”—亚伯拉罕林肯。
James Ware, Strong interest in History
No, the United States at its current state is not impossible to invade, but it is rather difficult. Anyone could invade the US at the moment. Just sail on by in the name of friendship then put boots on the ground and declare war. They would be admittedly wiped off the face of the Earth, but it was an invasion. Almost as successful as Napoleon’s in Russia.
The US has the advantage of being in the New World. We have the largest oceans to the West and East making an amphibious invasion a lot harder than most places. Sure there are islands one could use, but a significant movement of ships and men would be visible and will give us time to prepare. Also compared to the Old World, we do not have long lasting hostilities with our neighbors. Sure things weren’t like they were a few centuries ago (War of 1812, Mexican-American War), but currently, the US, Canada, and Mexico have been on good terms for quite some time.
不，美国目前的状态并非不可能入侵，但是相当困难。现在任何人都可以入侵美国。以友谊的名义扬帆远航，然后踏上美国土地并宣战。无可否认，他们将从地球上消失，但这是一种入侵。几乎和拿破仑在俄国一样成功。
美国的优势在于身处新世界。我们的西部和东部有最大的海洋，这使得通过水陆入侵比大多数地方要困难得多。当然有些岛屿是可以利用的，但是大量的船只和人员的移动是很显眼的，这将给我们时间来做应对准备。与旧世界相比，我们与邻国之间没有长期的敌对行动。当然，现在跟几个世纪前不同了(1812年战争，美墨战争)，但目前，美国、加拿大和墨西哥的友好关系已经持续一段时间了。
Chris Briere, Born and Raised
The US is definitely invadable, at least for a nation with nukes.
Step 1: Detonate one or two high yield nuclear war heads high in the atmosphere above the United States. The resulting EMP will knockout a large amount of Military equipment destroying nearly all civilian electronics.
Step 2: While the US is trying to stop the nation from descending into anarchy as the entirety of the economy (nearly every car, refrigerator, etc.) grinds to a halt, send several thousand well trained Guerrilla fighters across the Canadian and Mexican Boarders armed with large amounts of C-4 and other explosives. Have these operate in independent terrorist cells with each group targeted to take down a series of strategic pieces of infrastructure, i.e. bridges. This will ripe the Interstate Highway System to Shreds.
Step 3: Wait a couple months for most of the population to die to pillaging and starvation, then mark in with what ever army you want. At this point the American people will likely welcome you for bringing stability to a war torn nation.
P.S. You’ll have to keep the rest of the US allies busy in order for this to really work. If you have more nukes then detonating a couple above their nations will probably do the trick.
美国绝对是能够入侵的，至少对于一个拥有核武器的国家来说是如此。
步骤1：在美国上空的高空引爆一两次高当量核弹。由此产生的电磁脉冲将摧毁大量军用设备，摧毁几乎所有民用电子设备。
步骤2：等美国试图阻止这个国家陷入无政府状态时，整体经济嘎然而止，派遣数千名训练有素、装备了大量C-4和其他炸药的游击战士前往加拿大和墨西哥边境。让他们独立进行恐怖活动，意在摧毁一系列战略性的基础设施，如桥梁等。这将使州际公路系统趋于瘫痪。
第三步：等待几个月，等待大多数人死于掠夺和饥饿，然后派出军队。在这一点上，美国人民可能会欢迎你为这个饱受战争蹂躏的国家带来稳定的希望。
附注：你必须让美国的盟友杂事缠身，这样才能真正发挥作用。如果你有更多的核武器，那么在他们的国家上空引爆几枚核弹可能就会奏效。
Khalid Elhassan
Only Canada and Mexico share a land border with the US, and both their militaries are negligible. Even if all the militaries of the Western Hemisphere (the only countries that can theoretically reach the US borders overland without having to put to sea) combined, their combined might would be too negligible.
Everybody else would have to come by sea, and it’s hard to come by sea when the US Navy on its own is stronger than all the navies of the rest of the world put together.
只有加拿大和墨西哥与美国接壤，两国的军事力量微不足道。即使西半球的所有军队(理论上只有西半球的国家可以通过陆路到达美国边境)加在一起，军事实力也可能微不足道。
其他国家都必须通过水路才能进入美国，但鉴于美国海军自身的力量超过世界其他国家海军力量的总和，从水路进攻难度很高。
So for all practical purposes, at present (2016) the US is uninvadable.
因此，就所有实际目的而言，目前(2016年)美国是不可侵犯的。
Angelo Luna, studied at Santa Rosa Junior College
if you don’t care about civilian lives and soldiers lives, probably. the problem with invading the US is that there are many trained small militia groups that have AR-15’s in the US or some other legal weapons depending the state you plan to inveade. if a country succeeds in taking large parts of a state, the militia will be ready if the army isn’t coming. most of the citizens in the US are sometimes armed with pistols or semiautomatic rifles, with bullets that probably can pierce armor. the police stations across the US has some form of military grade items like weapons and armor that the police can probably give out to the militias that are fighting the enemy. the US militia obviously is small, so they’ll do guerrilla tactics to slow down the enemies advance or halt them to give the army enough time to send the soldiers to fight them.
如果你不关心平民和士兵的生命，也许吧。入侵美国的问题在于，许多训练有素的小型民兵组织在美国拥有AR-15或其他合法武器，这取决于你计划入侵哪个州。如果一个国家成功占领了一个州的大部分地区，如果军方还没到来，民兵就会先做好准备。在美国，大多数公民持有手枪或半自动步枪，子弹能够穿透盔甲。美国各地的警察局都有一些军事级别的军防用品，比如武器和盔甲，警察可能会把这些物品分发给与敌人作战的民兵。很明显，美国民兵规模很小，所以他们会用游击战术来减缓敌人的进攻，或者阻挠他们，给军队足够的时间来派遣士兵与他们作战。
if a country plans on invading the US, they should attack any democratic liberal state, like california or NYC since those states have very strict gun control where you probably can’t buy an ar-15 and where most of the citizens will have a hard time getting them. also, they’re the land of the anti gun where few people have guns, so guerrilla warfare will be minimal, making the enemy have an easy time invading.
如果一个国家计划入侵美国，他们应该攻击那些皿煮自由的州，比如加利福尼亚州或纽约市，因为这些州有非常严格的枪支管制，你可能买不到ar-15，大多数公民很难得到它们。此外，他们是反枪支的地区，那里很少人拥有枪支，所以游击战会很少，敌人就赢得了入侵的时间。
Paul Knierim
Rather than write about US military defenses, I’ll take this question as if the USA had a $0 military budget. In such a case, Hawaii becomes vulnerable. Alaska might fall to a summer invasion too but would be very hard to keep an occupation force in against winter insurgency. Outlying non-state territories like Puerto Rico could fall as well.
The contiguous 48 states, however, are essentially immune to invasion as long as they don’t horribly antagonize Canada or Mexico — even if the USA drops out of NATO and alienates all other allies. Consider that the world’s most powerful military has been unable to fully subdue Afghanistan and Iraq with decades of effort — then consider the relative size and population of the USA and how much bigger a challenge that becomes.
Then consider the need for a land route (even poverty-stricken Iraq and Afghanistan required land routes, landing all your troops by boat is impracticable for invading a very large nation — that was the worry about invading relatively small Japan in WWII as well). This means you have to invade either Canada (the world’s second largest country) or Mexico (a county of 127,000,000 people) just to reach the USA. Canada has no land route into it, so you’re probably trying to invade Mexico with the cooperation of Guatemala… across a relatively tiny border from which you’ll have to fight more than a thousand miles through dense populations. You’ll be very lucky if you still have any sort of army by the time you reach the USA border — realistically the only country Mexico is geographically vulnerable to is the USA.
我不想写美国的军事国防，我会给这个问题设立一个前提，就是美国的军事预算只有0美元。在这种情况下，夏威夷就岌岌可危了。阿拉斯加可能也会在夏季遭到入侵，但要留一支部队来对付冬季的叛乱活动则非常困难。像波多黎各这样的非国家领土也可能会沦陷。
然而，只要不跟加拿大或墨西哥发生重大摩擦，其余48个州基本上不容易遭受入侵——即使美国退出北约，疏远所有其他盟国也一样。考虑到世界上最强大的军队无法通过几十年的努力完全征服阿富汗和伊拉克，再考虑一下美国的相对规模和人口，这将会是一个非常大的挑战。
然后再考虑陆上路线的需要(即使是贫穷的伊拉克和阿富汗也需要陆上路线，让所有的军队坐船登陆是不可能入侵一个大国的)。这意味着你必须入侵加拿大(世界第二大国家)或墨西哥(一个拥有1.27亿人口的国家)才能到达美国。加拿大没有陆路进入墨西哥，所以你可能试图在危地马拉的合作下入侵墨西哥，你将不得不在人口密集的地区与墨西哥作战。如果你到达美国边境时还有兵力，那就非常幸运了——实际上，在地理上墨西哥唯一易受攻击的国家只有美国。
There is one and only one plausible way to invade the USA (nuking it into oblivion doesn’t count as invasion, that’s obliteration): make the population of the USA believe you’ll provide them a better government than what they’ve got. If you’re welcomed as liberators by most of the populace, then you have the allies you need to take on small insurgencies.
Outside of Hawaii and possibly Alaska, the USA is ironically probably the nation with the least need for defense spending in the whole world. And yet the nation that spends so much more than any other and in the process makes itself less safe, putting its soldiers in vulnerable places and meddling with other governments to create instability that breeds international terrorism.
入侵美国的方法只有一个，也是唯一可行的方法(用核武器摧毁美国并不算入侵，那是毁灭)：让美国人民相信，你将为他们提供一个比现在更好的政府。如果你作为解放者受到大多数民众的欢迎，那么你就有了盟友来对付小型叛乱。
具有讽刺意味的是，除了夏威夷和阿拉斯加，美国可能是世界上国防开支需求最低的国家。但这个国家的军费开支却比其他任何国家都要多，而且在这个过程中，它让自己变得更不安全了，把自己的士兵派往易受攻击的地方，并干预其他政府，制造不稳定局面，滋生国际恐怖主义。
Steven Helferich, Born and raised in the USA
From a conventional military standpoint? For all intents and purposes, yes. To successfully invade the United States, you’d need a blue water navy capable of defeating outright the US navy while also carrying an invasion force to North America.
I know some people might argue that this is not a requirement, but you need to think beyond just getting the troops to American soil. You will also need to maintain supply lines throughout the invasion. This is hard enough even when you’re not trying to ship men and supplies 3,000 miles across an ocean full of hostile enemy vessels. Even at the end of WWII, when the US had undisputed control of the Pacific, it still balked at going for an all-out invasion of a much smaller and weaker opponent due to many of these issues. It took 4 years of constant warfare just to gain control of vital island territory to support military activity. I think it’s simply impossible to maintain a fighting force in North America without directly defeating the US navy and taking naval superiority. This is obviously a daunting task that no single nation is capable of achieving currently. Even combining all the world’s major navies may still not be enough, especially considering you’d have to organize a dozen different countries, some who hate each other, and many of which have no modern experience in conducting warfare.
从传统军事的角度来看？是的。要想成功入侵美国，你需要一支深蓝海军，才能够彻底击败美国海军，同时还要向北美派遣一支入侵部队。
我知道有些人可能会说这不是必要条件，但你需要考虑的不仅仅是让军队进入美国本土。在整个入侵过程中，你还需要维护补给线。即使你不想在充满敌方船只的海洋中运送人员和物资3000英里，这也非常困难。即使在第二次世界大战结束时，当美国无可争议地控制太平洋时，但由于许多这样的问题，美国仍不愿对一个弱小得多的对手发动全面入侵。为了控制重要的岛屿领土以支持军事活动，美国打了一场持续了4年的战争。我认为，不直接击败美国海军并取得海军优势，在北美维持一支战斗力量是不可能的。这显然是一项艰巨的任务，目前没有一个国家能够完成。即使把世界上所有的主要海军结合起来也可能不够，特别是你必须组织十几个不同的国家，其中一些国家彼此仇恨，而且许多国家在作战方面没有现代经验。
There are simply too many physical and geographical advantages to the US position as well. The US has a desert to the south, mountains throughout, and a cold biome along its northern border. Invading from either Mexico or Canada would also require one of those two to break their alliances with the US, which is also unlikely. Invading the US directly along its coastline is the most geographically viable, but as I said, it brings up the issue of beating the US navy and establishing supply lines.
I’ve read some of the other answers on here bringing up unconventional means like EMP’s. I can think of a few others like biological warfare, but the issue is that none of these deals with the US navy that is sailing around the oceans. Even if you deal damage to the general population, invasion still relies on you being able to put boots on the ground and keep them there. You can’t do that while the US military is active.
I suppose if literally the entire world united against the United States, then it would be possible to invade the US simply because it would be overwhelmed. However, I’m not sure this is really the kind of answer you are looking for. I put this one up there with “Meteor strikes the Pentagon” and “entire US population suddenly falls into mysterious coma”. Another might be bribing enough US admirals that you gain de facto control of the US navy in the case of a conflict. This way, you gain control of the seas from the get-go. Invasion would be much easier in this case, although occupation would still be a problem. These are all possible scenarios, but they are so unlikely that it’s not useful to take them seriously.
Maybe in 50 years if the US declines and states like China and India develop navies that can go toe-to-toe with the US, I might change my answer. Until then, it’d require such an unlikely combination of factors that I just don’t think you could seriously attempt it outside of a sci-fi novel.
美国的地理和地理优势实在是太多了。美国南部有沙漠，山脉遍布，北部边境有寒冷的生物群落。从墨西哥或加拿大入侵美国，就需要这两个国家中的一个断绝与美国的联盟，这也是不太可能实现的。从地理上讲，直接沿着海岸线入侵美国是最可行的，但正如我所说，它也面临着击败美国海军和建立补给线的问题。
我看到一些其他的答案，提出了采用非传统的方法，如电磁脉冲。我能想到其他一些类似于生物战的例子，但问题是，这些方法都绕不开正在海上航行的美国海军。即使你对普通民众造成了伤害，入侵仍然依赖于你是否能够派遣地面部队并将军队留在那里。美国军队还在活动的时候，你是无法做到的。
我想，如果整个世界真的联合起来反对美国，那么就有可能入侵美国，因为它会被击溃。然而，我不确定这是不是你想要的答案。我把这张图片放在上面，上面写着“流星撞击五角大楼”和“整个美国人口突然陷入神秘的昏迷”。另一种可能是贿赂足够多的美国海军将领，以便在发生冲突时获得美国海军的实际控制权。这样，你从一开始就能控制美国海军。在这种情况下，入侵会容易得多，尽管占领仍然是个问题。这些都是可能发生的情况，但是它们太不可能了，所以没有太认真。
或许50年后，如果美国衰落，中国和印度等国的海军能够与美国正面交锋，我可能会改变我的答案。在那之前，入侵美国需要极其不可能的因素组合，我认为除了科幻小说，你就不要当真了。
Kevin Stern, B.S. Computer Information Systems (1997)
Nope. It’s very hard to do. Assuming our military is somehow unable to stop them from reaching our shores, resistance would be fast because our military still kicks butt. And they’ll have the people’s help (for once, so many armed citizens will be a good thing), So the invaders would be quickly kicked out. Damage would be minimal.
It’s why most US is invaded stories have our enemies using EMPs to knock out our technology, or super viruses (which mostly don’t exist) to kill us. Even then, with a virus, the goal is to kill us, not invade. That only leaves technology attack. And we don’t actually need it. Our guns work without technology. and sticks and stone do indeed break bones. In short, even with crippled technology, we’d still put up quite the fight. nay invader would be hard pressed to conquer us. Also, they might not have any tech to sue themselves (depending how long lasting a EMP blast lasts). if they do, rest assured, sooner or later we’d commandeer their tech, and sue their own vehicles, computers, etc against them. Yes it’d take longer, but we’d win. All those dystopias about no tech, and we turn one each other, ends pretty quickly when we see a common enemy.
This is why nobody’s ever tried it. It’s a losing scenario for any invader. Either we stop them from arriving, or we quickly kick them out. Anything big like disabling us, gets the rest of the world antsy. So they’ll protect themselves from a future attack. Fighting on two fronts is never easy.
不。这很难做到。假设我们的军队无法阻止他们到达我们的海岸，国防抵抗将会很快展开，因为我们的军队仍然在战斗。他们将得到人民的协助(这么看的话，武装公民是一件好事)，因此入侵者将很快被赶走。损失微乎其微。
这就是为什么大多数入侵美国的版本中，都有敌人使用电磁脉冲来摧毁我们的技术，或者使用超级病毒(大多数并不存在)来杀死我们的说法。即使这样，病毒的目标是杀死我们，而不是入侵。剩下的只有技术攻击了。实际上我们并不需要它。我们的枪支在没有技术的情况下也能发挥效力。棍棒和石头确实能折断骨头。简而言之，即使是在技术瘫痪的情况下，我们仍然会进行相当激烈的斗争。不，入侵者很难征服我们。
这就是为什么没有人尝试入侵美国的原因。对任何入侵者来说，这都是注定失败的局面。我们要么在他们抵达之前就拦截住他们，要么就把他们彻底打跑。搞残我们美国这样的大事，会让世界其他地方坐立不安。所以他们会保护自己免受未来的攻击。搞两线作战从来都并非易事。
Dan Holliday, lived in The United States of America
Unless you have one of these:
除非遇到这样的情况：
It’s essentially un-invadable. There just isn’t a collection of nations that can overcome the really vast oceans, the US Navy, Marine Corps, Army, and Air Force and, well, not to be forgotten, several thousand nuclear warheads.
Let’s say all of humanity outside North America decided to invade. In WWII, two seafaring (the *most* seafaring) nations effected an amphibian invasion just several dozen miles away from southern England. It took thousands of boats. To undertake a similar invasion, they’d either have to cross into Alaska and fight their way down from there. The land between Alaska and Canada/USA proper is horrific. Then they’d be getting nuked, bombed and shelled all along the way. Up from South America? Go ahead. Cross the mountains and jungles. The land connecting North and South America is also horrific. Then there’d be the aforementioned shelling, bombing, nuking along the way.
It’s not that the US isn’t invadable. It is. It’s just this: Would it be worth it? Would it be worth killing the millions of people in the US while losing hundreds of millions of young people? Would the sacrifice of youth from India, Russia, China, Europe be worth it? The answer is no. It wouldn’t. The world saw the ugliest war in history. It took a long hard look at itself. There hasn’t been a global war or a fully, mechanized war between industrialized nations since then.
根本而言，美国是不可入侵的。没有一个国家能够征服浩瀚的海洋，美国海军，海军陆战队，陆军，空军，还有，别忘了，几千枚核弹头。
假设北美以外的所有国家都决定入侵。在第二次世界大战中，两个海上大国在离英格兰南部几十英里的地方发动了两栖入侵。动用了成千上万艘船。为了进行类似的入侵，他们要么必须穿越阿拉斯加，然后一路攻打。阿拉斯加和加拿大/美国之间的土地是可怕的。他们会一路遭到核轰炸和炮击。从南美入侵？尽管去吧。穿越高山和丛林。连接北美和南美的土地也是可怕的。然后还是会遭遇前面提到的炮击、轰炸和核攻击。
当然，美国并非不可侵犯。它一样会被入侵，只是这样值得吗？在美国杀死数百万人，让数亿年轻人丧命，值得吗？来自印度、俄罗斯、中国和欧洲的年轻人的牺牲值得吗？答案是否定的。不值得。世界见证了历史上最丑陋的战争。它花了很长时间来仔细审视自己。从那时起，工业化国家之间就没有爆发过全球性的战争，也没有发生过完全机械化的战争。
