扒车喵关于中国的新闻和资讯频繁见诸印度媒体报道之上，有印度网友在问答网站Quora上问道：为什么印度如此痴迷于中国，试图将一切与中国进行比较？这个问题引来各国网友的热议，从历史渊源到现代的交流，他们针对该问题专门撰文进行了专业的剖析和解答。
问题：为什么印度如此痴迷于中国，试图将一切和中国比较？
牛津大学学者阿斯姆的回答
Both China and India are ancient civilizations. In thousands of years of history, these two civilizations have experienced ups and downs and contributed unique cultural treasures to the world. We are lucky to be separated by the majestic Himalayas. This geographical isolation enables the two countries to develop their politics, economy, culture and religion independently. They are like twins embedded in the blueprint of Asia.
中国和印度都是文明古国，在数千年的历史中，这两种文明都经历了起起落落，为世界贡献了独一无二的文化瑰宝。我们幸运地被雄伟的喜马拉雅山隔开了，这一地理隔离使两国能够独立发展自己的政治、经济、文化和宗教，他们就如同嵌在亚洲蓝图上的双生子一般。
Since ancient times, Indians have a habit of pursuing divinity, science and political thought, which provides the soil for the birth of Buddhism. Indian civilization is highly respected in China and Japan. The word India can be literally translated into “heaven” in Chinese and Japanese. Once, India was the country that the two countries dreamed of reaching.
自古以来，印度人就有一种追求神性、科学、政治思想的习惯，这为佛教的诞生提供了成长的土壤。印度文明在中国和日本备受尊重，印度这个词在汉语和日语字面上的可翻译为“天堂”，曾经，印度是两国梦寐以求想要到达的国家。
印度古迹
However, due to the diversity of Indian nationalities and the lack of unified power, India is like a plate of loose sand, surviving in division and mutual oppression. In the past 1000 years, from Arabs, Turks to later Europeans, their iron hooves and troops have constantly invaded and swept every corner of India, and Indian civilization has been ruthlessly destroyed. China will always have a relatively peaceful period for them to create civilization and reproduce. Although there are often foreign invasions during this period, the Central Plains Civilization will assimilate foreign civilizations because of their advanced nature, so that they will not be changed. Great unification is the greatest creation in Chinese history.
然而，由于印度民族的多样性，也缺乏统一的强权，内部如同一盘散沙，在分裂和互相压迫中苟延残喘。过去一千年中，从阿拉伯人、土耳其人到后来的欧洲人，他们的铁蹄和军队不断入侵，扫荡了印度的每一个角落，印度文明就此被无情毁灭。而中国则总会有相当长一段相对和平的时期供他们制造文明，繁衍生息。虽然在此期间常有外族人入侵，但中原文明由于其先进性，总会同化外来文明，使其不至于更迭断代。大一统，是中国历史上最伟大的创造。
Speaking of modern India, although there are historical factors, fundamentally speaking, we are not very competitive. Young people in India are very interested in this ancient neighbor, but they often look at the problem from the perspective of geopolitics and historical struggle, which leads to the general mentality of young people in India is conflicting and emotional. Young people in India should pay more attention to drawing inspiration from China’s development and look at their urban and rural construction, Their Internet development and achievements in international events and how to give full play to India’s strengths are good for young people and even the country, rather than obsessed with the comparison of military advantages and disadvantages and geopolitical disputes as they are now.
说到现代的印度，虽然有历史因素，但从根本上说是我们不太争气。印度的年轻人对这位古老的邻居非常感兴趣，但往往是从地缘政治和历史斗争角度看问题，这导致印度年轻人普遍的心态是冲突性的、情绪化的，而印度年轻人更应该关注的是从中国的发展中汲取灵感，多看看他们的都市和乡村建设，他们的互联网发展和国际赛事成绩，怎样发挥印度的长处，这对年轻人乃至于国家来说都有好处，而不是像现在这样痴迷于军事优劣的比较和地缘政治争端。
While looking at China’s success, I find India’s democracy a piece of shit! (sorry for the language) , but that’s how frustrated we get to see so many political parties fighting each other, appeasing minorities and what not! The world uses Chinese made goods and products, and even large multinational companies use Chinese patented technology for manufacturing and assembly, while we are still fighting on other issues in the name of politics, caste issues, privileges and religion. We have democracy, but over the years, the rights and freedoms of speech and action have been abused. The so-called parliamentarians mislead people into believing in many dogmatic things. We need to overcome these problems and think about how to develop India’s infrastructure, education and health care from a broader perspective, and how to achieve a better quality of life.
看到了中国的成功，我发现印度的民主简直烂透了，抱歉我的用词可能稍微严厉了些，但看到这么多政党攻讦，针对少数族裔的问题，我实在忍不下去。全世界都使用中国制造的商品和产品，甚至大型跨国公司使用中国的专利技术进行制造和组装，而我们仍在以政治、种姓问题、特权和宗教的名义在其他问题上进行斗争。我们有民主，但这些年来，言论、行动的权利和自由被滥用，那些所谓的议员们误导人们相信许多教条化的东西，我们需要克服这些问题，从更广泛的角度思考怎样发展印度的基础设施、教育、医疗，怎样实现更好的生活质量。
国际问题专家史蒂文•翰道克的回答
China and India are both rising superpowers. Due to the rise of these two sleeping giants, international experts have repeatedly commented that this century will be “the century of Asia”.
中国和印度都是正在崛起的超级大国，由于这两个沉睡的巨人的崛起，国际问题专家曾多次评论说，本世纪将是“亚洲的世纪”。
If we look back at history, we will find that at a certain stage in history, both countries were prosperous countries that fully participated in Global trade. They both have a common colonial history, and their nationalities also have great diversity.
如果我们回顾一下历史，我们会发现，在历史的某个阶段，这两个国家都是完全参与全球贸易的繁荣国家。他们两人都有着共同的殖民历史，他们的民族也有着巨大的多样性。
The two countries have very different ideas about economic development and poverty eradication. Therefore, the two countries have adopted different social systems, which has led to completely different results. The Indian government is “non violent and non cooperative” and tends to “do nothing” to govern the country. Even if it puts forward innovative ideas and schemes, its implementation lags behind and development is always one step behind. China, on the other hand, has gone through the social revolution to remove the obstacles hindering the development of the Chinese people. It is clear at a glance which is better or worse.
两国关于发展经济、消灭贫穷的理念大相径庭，也因此两国采取了不同的社会制度，也就导致了完全不同的结果。印度政府“非暴力、不合作”，倾向“无为”治国，即便提出了创新的想法和方案，但实施滞后发展总是慢人一步。而中国则经过社会革命，扫除阻碍中国人民发展的障碍，孰优孰劣，一目了然。
At present, the two countries are competing in the region in order to gain greater influence. However, due to the growth of population and the continuous reduction of resources, India still has bigger problems to solve. China, too, is plagued by the decline of fertility and industrial transfer.
现在，这两个国家正在区域内进行竞争，以期获得更大的影响力，但由于人口的增长和资源的不断减少，印度还有更大的问题要解决，中国也一样，生育率下降，产业转移也在困扰着他们。
The two countries are not only similar, but also have some problems, such as border disputes, trade imbalance, China’s lack of support for India under multilateral mechanisms such as the Nuclear Suppliers Group, etc., which make Indian domestic public opinion tend to compare the two countries.
两国不仅情况相似，也有一些问题，如边界争端，贸易不平衡，中国在核供应国集团等多边机制下不支持印度等等，都使印度国内舆论倾向于将两国做出比较。
印度作家穆沙拉夫的回答
Because the two countries are very competitive. So far, China is ahead of India in the following aspects:
因为两国很有得比。截至目前，中国在以下方面领先于印度：
Manufacturing, production and distribution logistics. Among China’s mature manufacturing centers, the application proportion of advanced MPD system is close to 100%, with complete and fully interconnected MPD system and zero dependence on any foreign participant. India’s current MPD system accounts for less than 5%. In order to meet 25% of the demand, the government needs to make great efforts.
制造、生产和分销物流。中国成熟的制造中心中先进的MPD系统应用比重接近100%，拥有完整且完全互连的MPD系统，对任何外国参与者零依赖。而印度目前的MPD系统占比还不到5%，要想达到满足需求的25%，政府需要付出巨大的努力。
Domestic market suppliers. From 2014 to 2019, nearly 87% of the demand for the top 30 products in various industries can be met by the domestic market (in 2020, only agricultural demand must be met through import). This means that China has formed a super strong domestic market. On the contrary, although India has achieved 76% demand in the service industry, it has only achieved 21% demand in the product manufacturing industry, making the overall demand only 55.8%.
国内市场供应商。2014年至2019年，各行业前30名产品的需求中，近87%可以由国内市场满足（2020年，只有农业需求必须通过进口满足）。这意味着中国形成了一个超级强大的国内市场。相反，尽管印度在服务业实现了76%的需求，但在产品制造业仅仅实现了21%的需求，使总体需求仅为55.8%。
Technology growth. For every US $1 invested by India in R & D, China will invest about US $16.25, which is expected to increase to about US $24 by 2025. This means a lot of technology and growth. From 2010 to 2020, the investment gap between China and South Korea and Japan has narrowed by more than 60%. However, compared with the US dollar, India’s R & D proportion is the lowest, and the growth of technology investment is almost zero. The technology gap between India and China has expanded from 14% in 2002 to about 78% in 2018, and is further expanding.
技术增长。印度在研发方面每投入1美元，中国就投入约16.25美元，预计到2025年将增长到24美元左右。这意味着大量的技术和增长。从2010年到2020年，中国与韩国和日本的投入差距缩小了60%以上。然而，依照美元比较，印度的研发比例是最低的，技术投入增长几乎为零。印度和中国之间的技术差距已从2002年的14%扩大到2018年的78%左右，而且还在进一步扩大。
Development level – of course, compared with Britain or Canada – China’s development rate can be called explosive growth, but compared with India, China’s development and living standards are much higher from the perspective of quality. China’s urban per capita income is 12.25 times that of India, while the rural per capita income is 4.76 times that of India. In China, the income gap between management and workers is 18.95, while in manufacturing, India is 32.7 (which means that the income of MBA is higher and that of workers is lower. This gap is not a good thing).
发展水平——当然，与英国或加拿大相比——中国的发展速率可称为爆发式增长，但与印度相比，我们要从质量维度看，中国的发展和生活水平要高得多。中国城市人均收入是印度的12.25倍，而农村人均收入是印度的4.76倍。在中国，管理层和工人之间的收入差距为18.95，而在制造业，印度为32.7（这意味着工商管理硕士的收入更高，而工人的收入更低，这种差距不是一件好事）。
National defense manufacturing – China is far ahead in the development of domestic weapons. By 2020, many of China’s weapons and equipment are 100% domestic and of high quality. However, India’s dependence on imports is as high as 55% – 82%, and the autonomy of national defense equipment is far away.
国防制造——中国在本土武器研制方面遥遥领先。截至2020年，中国的许多武器装备都是100%国产化的，而且质量精尖，但印度对进口的依赖程度高达55%-82%，国防装备自主化压遥遥无期。
India is ahead of China in the following areas:
印度在以下领域领先于中国：
Agriculture – India has 49% of the arable land, while China has only 18%. India can still develop and use its land in large quantities and export a large number of agricultural products. China’s agricultural natural conditions are worse than India, and its export volume is far less than India. However, China’s seed quality and agricultural methods are much higher.
农业领域——印度拥有占领土面积49%的耕地，中国只有18%。印度仍然可以大量开发使用其土地，并大量出口农产品。中国的农业自然条件较印度差一些，出口量远不及印度，不过，中国的种子质量和农业方法都要高得多。
Generic drugs – India is a world leader in generic drugs. Although most of the raw materials come from China, our generic drugs are world-class.
仿制药——印度在仿制药方面处于世界领先地位。原材料虽然多数来自中国，但我们的仿制药是世界一流的。
English based IT service delivery – India still dominates the provision of English based IT services to customers all over the world. India has a dominant position in the industry with a 74% share, which is a huge trump card for India. Bangladesh is also growing rapidly in this regard, with its market share rising from 3% in 2007-08 to about 14% in 2019-20.
基于英语的IT服务交付——印度仍然主导着向全世界客户提供基于英语的IT服务，印度在该行业中拥有74%的份额，占据主导地位，这对印度来说是一张巨大的王牌。孟加拉国在这方面也增长迅速，市场份额从2007-08年的3%上升到2019-20年的14%左右。
Film industry – our film industry has developed faster and higher income than China’s film industry. Bollywood’s global revenue is 2.25 times that of Chinese film industry, and Indian film’s global revenue is three times that of Chinese film industry.
电影产业——我们的电影产业比中国电影产业发展得更快，收入也更高。宝莱坞的全球收入是中国电影业的2.25倍，印度电影的全球收入是中国电影业的3倍。
Through comparison, we can clearly understand our current position. Former British Prime Minister Clement Attlee ridiculed China’s becoming a permanent member of the Security Council in 1945, said that China’s ability was insufficient to assume this position, and said that “India after independence will be a key part of Asia”, Now China is far ahead in most industries and plays an important role in international political affairs. We should not blindly avoid recognizing China’s advantages like an ostrich. I’d rather we stick to one or two achievements, just do it and really make some achievements.
通过比较我们可以清楚地认清我们现在所处的地位，英国前首相克莱门特·艾德礼（Clement Attlee）曾在1948年嘲笑中国成为安理会常任理事国，称以中国的能力不足以担当这一位置，并说“独立后的印度将是亚洲的关键组成部分”，而现在中国正在绝大多数行业中遥遥领先，在国际政治事务中也有举足轻重的地位。我们不应该像一只鸵鸟一样，盲目避免承认中国的优势，我宁愿我们可以坚守一两项成就，就这样做下去，真正做出一些成绩出来。
